Save money on your taxes with EV incentives even on used EV's with 100+ miles of range :) Even better incentives or tax breaks for purchasers of new model year EV's for that years income taxes. Common electrical prices means filling up a Tesla Model S P100D battery pack with electricity for 300 miles of range only cost about $12 of electricity.
A similarly performing gasoline vehicle like the Model S P100D achieves 10-15 MPG real world fuel economy & requires premium more expensive fuel grades to prevent detonation in their higher compression & boosted or turbocharged or supercharged engines.
With an EV or BEV I am talking about saving thousands of dollars per year on vehicle energy by switching from buying gasoline to buying more electricity from your electrical utility that already sells your many kWh of electricity for your home appliances, lighting, fridge, computers & to charge to portable electrons or COTS.
Feasible Profitable EV Battery Recycling EOL or At End of Life
EV batteries are fully of copper, aluminum, nickel, cobalt, lithium, silver, gold & other valuable metals used to plate electric contacts like platinum, but mostly its the cobalt, copper & aluminum content & especially lithium content that can be feasibly recovered from 10-100 kWh EV battery packs during EV battery recovery core deposit return to other use cases stationary for grid power storage where the lower performance of older cells perfectly useful & then at end of life to mineral recovery recycling to capture & recycle & purify the metals from the batteries too make new predicts with those metal or for additional battery manufacturing.
Na-Ion Replacing Li-Ion in Next Gen. BEV's
It seems that Sodium Ion or Na-ion batteries are poised to replace Li-ion because of sodiums far greater abundance & availability commercially & presences in the surface of the mantel & oceans, that makes it up to 500x cheaper & similar more available long term, whereas lithium resources, brine lakes & brine sub surface features are being depleted by global lithium ion battery manufacturing that requires so much lithium, like the 40kWh battery pack in our used but new to us Nissan LEAF SV base model with 160 mi of range in Eco mode driven with mild hypermiling (eco-driving) techniques for ultra-energy efficient EV driving style safety focused inertia conservation style operation.
Driver Choices Affect Vehicle Dynamics & Safety
The human is the most important nut to tighten in any automobile, car, SUV, truck or bus respectively, the human operator of any vehicle of any kind the most important since the human operator controls the vehicle & decisions made by the human operator affect all aspects of safety & energy recovery, which is mostly while driving intoxicated or drunken illegal in most locals worldwide, since ethanol has a dose dependent effect on reducing executive function of the human brain.
Reducing Exposure to Petrochemical Residue & Toxic Fumes
Not going to the gas station means less touching of gas pump handle contaminated with chemical residue & possible viral or bacterial pathogen & less fume exposure to gasoline vapors. These same fumes that exit vehicle gasoline tanks while they are being filled with fuel can react with UV in sunlight to produce ground level ozone which is a lung irritant, while the HC or hydrocarbon vapors are neurotoxic & carcinogenic. Many modern gasoline station pumps have a filler handle hose with vapor recovery to reduce the release of fuel vapors that are bad for human & environmental health.
Higher Costs of Fossil Fuel Externalities via Air Pollutants & Accelerated Climate Change
Not paying for air pollution generated by internal combustion engines burning petrochemical fuels. When a vehicle burns fuel it makes air pollutants that are toxic to all life in the biosphere of Earth and the executives of the worlds oil companies are well aware of this. The problem is mostly due to the enormous scale of human activity at the going toward 10+ billion people alive at the same time that creates such profound climate changing impacts, since we are talking about trillions of tons of CO2 + many billions of tons of air pollutants that are also toxic to bodies of water & soil & plants & animals and people, especially young children & older people in poor health.
Tailpipe Emission Cause Acid Rain Corrosion of Infrastructure
Not causing acid rain via the gases like NOX's & SOX's that react with moisture to form dilute nitric & sulfuric acid that cause metals in vehicles & infrastructure like bridges to rust or corrode faster while also making bodies of water like lakes & rivers more acidic which is toxic to fish & other aquatic wildlife that lives in bodies of water, salt water & fresh water marine life harmed by acid rain. Acid rain also causes concrete & rock minerals used in buildings & roads to break down faster, damages common siding & roofing materials.
Water Vapor & CO2 Emissions
All the water vapor emitted by combustion also rusts the exhaust pipes & emissions controls parts hooked up to the exhaust header of the engine, while also in very cold winter conditions produces vapor fog snow that reduces road safety & visibility, like emitting small clouds near ground level where people are trying to see to navigate on foot, bicycle riding or operating a motor vehicle.
Green House Gas Effect & Global Warming Climate Change
Not contributing trillions of tons of CO2 which also forms carbonic acid when dissolved in water vapor or lakes or rivers or the ocean, making these natural water sources more acidic, but also acting as a green house gas that causes Earth to capture more of the Sun's solar thermal emissions by the greenhouse effect of increasing CO2 concentrations in Earth's atmosphere.
Oxygen Depletion Hypoxia & IQ Reduction
Burning carbon also depletes oxygen from the biosphere which causes a reduction in executive function in brains via hypoxia & lower mental function & brain damage. This is why portable oxygen concentrators help people see star light better at high altitude observatories, if their brain has good oxygen saturation their eyes work better & their mental function & image processing for visual perception in the brain are improved with more oxygen. This is also who oxygen gas essential at hospitals & in medicine in general, but also in gas welding as the oxidizer to help the propane or acetylene gas to burn at higher temperatures or in brown gas torches or hydrogen & oxygen torques and as cryogenic oxygen in liquid rocket engines, and in chemical synthesis & oxidation reactions important in black tea making and many other industries, just as compressed CO2 used in soft drinks or soda or beer for carbonation.
Charging EV At Apartments with Extension Cord into Outside Outlets L1 Slow Trickle Speed
Charging at home with an extension cord 10-3 or 12-3 into a regular outlet with the EVSE that came with your new or used EV, at 1.6kW for 2-5 miles of charge added per hour of charging, ideal for slow trickle charging the EV battery pack overnight while your sleeping, eating dinner, showering, or whatever after you get home from work so that you EV battery has 5-14 hours to charge, enough to provide enough battery range to commute to & from work, & you can stop buy your EV dealers lot to use their L3 fast charger for 5-20 minutes to boost your EV battery charge while only mildly diverting slightly early or late on the way to work or on the way home, or during your lunch break.
L2 Public Charging Stations 3-5x faster than L1 at home, while you are on the go!
Many workplaces have pedestal L2 charging parking spots too, as does the over-priced luxury apartment where we live, where they recently added SemaConnect private network L2 chargers, I still need to get the indentation code from the office manager to use them // even though I already installed the related smartphone app on my iPhone 14.
EV's Accelerate Fast for Fun Launch Experiences
Instant torque shove you into your seat & smile onto your face silent acceleration unmatched by any internal combustion engine except the most extreme used in top fuel drag cars or similar ultra high performance methanol fueled racing vehicles or rally racing vehicles, like Ken Block at Hoonigan Racing etc on YouTube etc // see https://www.hooniganracing.com/
Vehicle Enthusiast / Metal, Glass & Plastic / Automobiles are Transportation Freedom All Season
But when they become wildly popular, roadways become congested & jammed up with traffic, stop & go, dangerous conditions, with very poor air quality near the major roadways, highways, freeways, especially near urban areas, near suburbs where nearly everyone commutes with a privately owned automobile, though I see many using electric scooters, e-bikes, self-balancing scooters, One-wheels & other last mile low speed transportation devices or toys that can also be used to get around way faster than walking & in smaller formats or similar to human powered mechanical bicycles. In hilly terrain the battery assisted motor assist on E-bikes make hill climbing less of an intense workout & something a normally healthy person can do while commuting to & from work on an E-bike. I mention bicycles because they are the most eco-friendly transportation vehicle even if fitted with electric motors * batteries for energy assist to make riding less physically intensive or less athletic so that more people can actually do it regularly!
I Love Transpiration Technology
You might assume that I am so kind of Eco-obsessive OCD environmental armchair American energy conservation enthusiast & technophile, but I am also petro-licious or a gear head or vehicle enthusiast, my lovely wife Meg says I am "Car Crazy" and she is right. It takes a motorsport enthusiast & technophile like me to truly appreciate a Koenigsegg Regera, Toyota Prius Prime, Nissan LEAF E+ 60-62 kWh battery electric EV or axial electric motors or any really cool electric generating technology. The alternator & starer motors are my favorite parts of conventional ICE vehicles.
Engines, Motors, Alternators, Generators, Anything that's Energetic that Moves, Life Too
I love science & physics & God & my country & my wide & my life!
Yea, to really enjoy 0-30 in the Nissan LEAF with the accelerator pedal to the floor so the acceleration joy shoves your body into the comfy seat & makes the skin on your face stretch as you blast away from a stop with ecstasy experiences that Tesla calls Ludacris mode or Launch Control in fast EV's like the P100D plaid edition Model S performance package extreme racing edition 0-100km/h in 2 seconds ^^
EV's make fun motor sounds!
I love the weird noises created by by hybrid electric vehicles motors doing brake energy regeneration while slowing or going down a hill. I love hearing start-stop system turn engines off when the vehicles come to a stop & wait for the intersection lights to turn green to go again. I love the sounds of the EV like electric jingle bells or electric rain stick noises, it a light electronic EDM style sound of low decibel levels or very low sound pressure levels, hard to hear for anyone with hearing damage, while very easy for most younger people to hear easily.
EV Motor Torque Destroys Tire Tread Faster
One of the dirty problems of EV is rapid toque causing tire tread to rub off making micro plastics faster. So jack rabbit launches kill tire tread faster & result in more tire dust emissions that are eco-toxic, especially problematic in heavier vehicles like the 5000lb Tesla Model S // My 19 Leaf barely weighs over 3200 lbs by comparison. You can leave ECO mode on to extend range & reduce motor power & torque sent to the tires via the wheels, to reduce tire wear or make your tires last longer, driving smoother & steadier & safety focused slightly slower also greatly enhances the range of you EV per charge unit :)
If need at some point down the road I may put some high quality Michelin all season defender or similar tires on the LEAF really cool alloy rims when the current tires are dangerously low on water channeling tread near the wear indicators since I live in a very rainy hilly area with lots of very curvy roads & low skill drivers.
Upgrading tires one of the best ways to upgrade any vehicle. Our 19 LEAF for $20 K used purely a commuter vehicle for to & from work or the grocery store or bank or whatever nearby. We have a PRIUS III for roadtrips or longer routes! I can even hyperbole or 01 Audi Quattro 2.8L to over 100mpg using special techniques, raising the average fuel economy to the upper 40 MPG range easily with advanced hypermiling smooth gentle driving methods as I learned from Wayne Gerdes about Hypermiling!
More on Tailpipe Emissions
When gasoline & diesel fuels are burned, they emit tons of CO2 & water vapor & some air pollutants, like PM or particulate matter, CO or carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen or NOX & oxides of sulfur SOX that make nasty air pollutants that are toxic like Nitrogen Dioxide that makes orange brown clouds over forest fires.
Bunker fuel burned on container ships because its the cheapest fuel, its also the dirtiest burning liquid hydrocarbon fuel, much worse that leaded gasoline or heavy sulfur diesel for off-road only use / even DEF injection PM filter capture exhaust system still release air pollutants, and cost in excess of $30,000 on a modern school bus.
Yes the diesel school bus emissions control system costs more than many new passenger cars. That's one very expensive method of dealing with diesel exhaust that VW abandoned along with its otherwise exceptional TDI drivetrain technology that I personally love. Your not everyone & if a few people want to drive a TDI modified by Two Brothers exhaust in Auburn, Wa, to remove all that stupid electronic emissions controls crap that reduces fuel economy // so be it. If it makes them happy & they refrain from coal rolling others, then so be it, they are not everyone.
Most air pollution problems are only because of the going toward 10 billion humans alive at the same time scale of human activity worldwide. Nature has buffering capacities & carrying capacities, for less than 1 billion humans alive at the same time. This is why eco-friendly recycling of everything so important, like decarbonizing energy & especially in transportation to reduce climate change rates & improve air quality for human health improvement.
No car is eco-friendly, some are just less polluting than others in terms of lifecycle analytics. Scientists for example show that the Nissan LEAF which is based on the cost optimized Versa, has the lowest net lifetime emissions footprint of any 4 passenger automobile widely sold with good safety ratings. We actually opted away from the BMW i3 REx because of its weaker mechanical design in terms of crashworthiness.
CRFP which comprises the majority of the passenger capsule of the I3 also extremely hard & costly to repair when compared to the sheet metal stampings & plastic parts of the Nissan LEAF. The battery electric i3 almost 800 lbs lighter than a similar Nissan LEAF, showing how CRFP can enable radical weight reduction or mass reduction. CRFP my favorite material science innovation too, something extensively utilized in F1 racing vehicles, in military aerospace vehicles, in composite body armor, in motorsports, in power sports, in some sporting goods equipment like carbon bicycles or carbon tennis rackets. Even switching from Steel to Aluminum can enable modest mass reductions as was demonstrated by Ford in the Aluminum intensive F150 that's around 650 lbs lighter than the steel version.
Tire tread erosion makes micro plastics via the gradual grinding away of the vulcanized nature & synthetic rubber compounds used to make modern vehicle tires. The instant torque of EV's increased wear on tires by sheering off more tread faster under heavy acceleration that's also super fun to experience, but can result in shorter tire life or accelerated tread wearing away, sorta like burning out. Thankfully the 19 LEAF SV we purchased features traction control TC & ESC or electronic stability control, the system also modulates each brake individually to aid in stabilizing the vehicle under dynamic driving conditions where traction without such aids would be easily broken.
F1 banned a lot of the drive stability technologies present in the base model LEAF SV because they gave some of the more well funded F1 teams an "unfair" advantage, back in the 1980s when such modern tech was available earliest at much higher low volume emerging bleeding edge technology stages of development. It can take 20 years to port custom power sports technologies from F1 to passenger cars, often requiring manufacturing innovations to enable cost efficient mass manufacturing at the 10,000 + unit per year volume, a lower cutoff where its hard for an automaker to make profitable passenger road cars that are affordable.
BMW for example made the CFRP intensive i3 & i3 REx as a compliance vehicle to comply with CAFE or corporate average fuel economy standards imposed on automakers that regular a car manufacturers fleet wide average fuel economy realization, so as to balance their carbon footprint to reduce net total emissions or similar ideologies about reducing the negative externalities of the automotive industry, which was largely dominated by petrochemical fuels in ICE or internal combustion engines.
To understand the scale of ICE development, consider the emissions controlled direct injection turbo-charged engine of a Honda or Toyota hybrid, extensively optimized for higher thermal efficiency. The S2000 from Honda for example gets 200 HP from a 2L non-turbo engine! That's amazing if you consider that most automakers have to use turbochargers to get that kind of power output from small displacement 2 liter engines. Actually the 2L 4 cylinder Turbocharged automobile engine so popular its used by 22 different automakers in 600 different models of passenger vehicles.
Since 2010 when the Nissan LEAF started achieving global market penetration as the then most widely selling BEV of all time, the global market penetration or mass adoption of battery electric vehicles BEV's steadily increasing such that more than 5 millions EV's are now on the worlds roadways today, while only comprising a single digit percentage of all vehicles, the steady increase in EV models from the automakers are part of decarbonizing transportation energy & many government have already passed laws to ban the sale of gasoline only vehicles in 2025, 2030 or 2035, for those model years only PHEV, HEV & BEVs or plug-in hybrids, hybrid electric & battery electric vehicles will be for sale to the general public in locals with such restrictions.
5 Year Delay Design vs Market Availability
Lets suggest that you want a 2023 Toyota Prius that looks really sic, the best aesthetic design of them all so far by far the nicest looking Prius ever by a huge margin, its absolutely slick looking, very cool. That means that Toyota started design work on that Prius at least 5 years ago, back in 2018. It takes around 5 years to go from the artistic rendering, clay models, body in white, development mules, tech demonstrators, crash safety validations, computer simulation with computations fluid dynamics and finite element analysis & AI enhanced design optimization in CAD fusion 360 or CATIA or Autodesk software & design tools on computer server super computers with amazing computational performance. Consider the wing development at aircraft makes like BOEING or AIRBUS where such computational design improvements are competitive advantage by enable one company to make their Boeing Dreamliner more fuel efficient by reducing turbulent drag of the aero surfaces or control surfaces by controlling the boundary layers & variable surfaces in the wind edges & tail. Consider how birds use active feathers to control lift, drag & stability & similar methods used to make passive & active aero features of superlative sports cars like those made by Koenigsegg for example.
Real World road speeds are so slow by comparison than those encountered in motorsports that most road cars have to use very different technologies to achieve vehicle stabilization, drag reduction, improved safety or better fuel economy & while offering crash protection for a vehicle filled with 4 people rolling on wheels on roadways, which is a very different set of challenges than those of aircraft, thus autopilot was much easier to implement on passenger aircraft than it was in road cars, noting that a typical Boeing airplane costs $100 million or more while a typical road car costs $40,000, while a typical aircraft has 8 million parts, and a typical passenger car has less than 30,000 parts. There are many things possible to do in aircraft made in low volumes that are not practical to do in profitable automobiles sold to the general public for private ownership.
We went for a used Nissan LEAF instead of the BMW i3 for another reason, lower cost of maintenance & repairs, higher reliability, wider availability, lower prices for insurance. I also resented the idea of driving a BMW for philosophical reasons, not wanted to be seen in one. I am just not about that kind of glib lifestyle, not to suggest that I do not like nice things, but to consider something premium it must have higher quality meaning higher reliability, such that Toyota would be the real premium automaker since they have a long history of selling the most reliable long lasting & lowest cost of ownership vehicles of any automaker. Consider the ultra-long lasting Toyota Prius II which some taxi-cab drivers were able to drive for 850,000 miles with the OEM 1NZ-FXE engine & OEM NiMH battery pack / a real world testimonial in millions of Toyota Hybrids sold that last 30+ years of daily operation without another other than basic maintenance like cleaning, oil changes, filters for engine & cabin air, brake services, coolant, belt changes & similar basic repairs and no major mechanical problems.
I am not saying the LEAF super durable, but I only drive 800 miles per month, and not every month, usually less than 7,000 miles per year net, so during the time I own the LEAF I might be able to get the odometer from 47,000 to maybe over 100,000 miles. Who knows, only time will tell. I can tell you that the LEAF does not have a transmission to break like other automobiles, that the LEAF's EM57+ electric motor probably very long lasting & that with 1 or two battery pack swaps a Nissan LEAF can probably go hundred of thousands of miles.
I looked online & found that some 2011 Nissan LEAF's with the 24kWh battery went more than 150,000 miles, before the $5000 battery pack was swapped out for recovery recycling core return discount with a new pack of slightly greater charge capacity.
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