Wheel, tire, brake rotor, sprung mass on hydraulic suspension front & rear, along with the curved surface of motorcycle tires that continue making road contact when leaning into corners pulling the frame down, putting inner knee pad down, think MotoGP racing, riders using 200+ horsepower superbikes that cost millions, special tires made of exotic expensive polymers, balancing grip softness with toughness that holds up safely, noting another balance between tire wear rate, dry grip performance and temperature performance, they even preheat tires in motorsports to soften the tires to enhance grip vs room temperature.
In effect, when riding a motorcycle at higher speeds, you push the handlebars lightly in the opposite direction of turning as you lean, and this helps the bike lean into the corner easier, that exploits differential force angles between front and rear wheels, while gravity pulls down on everything, rapidly rotating front and rear wheels act as flywheels with gyroscopic procession, conserving angular momentum, in effect applying a force that keeps the motorcycle stabilized, resisting pitch, roll, and yaw forces of changing road surfaces, wind shear forces or drag, rider body mass shifting, front lift off under heavy acceleration or front diving under heavy front braking.
Understanding all the forces between the rider, bike, wheels & tires, track or road surface, not just for computational simulations, but also to help the rider and mechanics to adjust the configuration of the superbike to the weather and conditions and ride preferences, which can vary day to day, hour to hour, noting that everything on a superbike within reason fully adjustable, especially the suspension which greatly affects handing and grip, rebound, compression, dampening, height, spring tension, hydraulic valve pressure settings, many aspects of even street bike suspension are adjustable, even if no one ever adjusts them, as the factory settings of road bikes often set for the average rider within a range of body sizes and masses.
I have had many motorcycles over the years, riding street since I was 18, now for more than 20 years on, my latest bike and only motorcycle, a 2020 Yamaha MT03 purchased new during COVID19, at the time I actually wanted a CB500F by Honda, but they were unavailable, and a late night research session found a black on black Yamaha MT03 with the same engine as the R3, smaller, easier to park in the very tight space I had for it at the time inside a garage next to a car, and blast commuting 16 miles one way to work and back on fair weather says about 30 times a year was a nice alt to driving my 2022 Toyota Corolla Hybrid Sedan LE, which I converted into a car camping setup to take naps in the trunk with feet into the back seat folded down, foam added to trunk, a big fuzzy blanket, a heated blanket for the coldest winter days, a battery inverter setup, mostly for 1 hour naps, the only problems was CO2 buildup if I slept longer, a CO2 digital meter indicated levels getting too high if was sleeping for more than 2 hours because of the low gas volume of the trunk, and because I used the black fuzzy blanket to block out light, but that restricted gas flow into the cabin, noting the trunk not very much volume.
I heard a funny motor noise in the trunk one day, looked it up on my phone, it is part of the evaporative control system, a motor driven compressor runs to trap gasoline vapors from the gas tank into a carbon canister trap system, but also pressure checks to make sure the system is sealed, pressure sensors give the vehicle body control module an OK signal passed over OBDII to the ECU, indicating the EVAP system works, otherwise if not, the dash MIL lamp lights and code reading tool on OBDII port would pull a code for EVAP error, if a fault was detected. EVAP systems are designed to reduce gasoline vapor emissions near ground level, because gasoline vapor reacts in sunlight with oxygen in the air to form ground level ozone, a respiratory irritant, ozone smells like burning electrical arc smells, welding fumes, a nasty metallic smell.
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