Cold Does Not Exist, It's Only an Absence of Heat Energy

My wife disagrees with my title :P

Like Faith in God, Nuclear Energy or Atomic Power makes heat without combustion, which can saturate the cold with energy. This means that Nuclear offers a pathway to abundant cheap electricity without burning carbon or releasing CO2 or other air pollutants!

Nuclear Energy enabling mankind to gain control over climate & weather to stop climate change, improving agriculture & economic development, since improving energy inputs to society increases wealth & prosperity in every way!

Energy inputs are the most important way to increase the value of currencies, to stop inflation, to energize society with broad electrification in transportation & to enable the complete phasing out of coal power, gasoline & diesel, so there is excess electricity to charge EV's of all kinds in every sector worldwide, electric vehicles for 200 billion people!

Energy, not the absence of it! ENERGY, ENERGY,
EVERYTHING IS ENERGY

We must stop emitting pollution now, and nuclear reactors offer the safest way to make electricity for 200 billion people for thousands of years with fuel breeding nuclear power reactors that make more fuel than they consume while operating 24/7/365 making clean cheap abundance electricity for everyone to use! Carbon combustion finite, limited, & its immoral to continue burning carbon. Carbon energy is a dead end & everyone knows it!

Getting enough sleep important for health. Many life factors can cause sleep disorders or keep people from falling asleep, staying asleep, getting enough sleep, sleep disorders became more common after the widespread diffusion of artificial lighting technology during the early 20th century.

Let the Love Well Up Inside your Soul & Overflow & Shower It On Other People with Random Acts of Kindness Motivated by the Healing & Restorative Love that God wants to Share with you through Faith in Christ Jesus as Christianity All About Embracing Love, Showing our brothers & sisters compassion, empathy, helping to raise up & lift up our neighbors, random strangers, our friends & family, by sharing the powerful disruptive truth from quantum physics about the Law of Attraction that is confirmed by every chapter in the New Testament of the Christian Bible!

Embrace the Law of Attraction! Focus by visualizing the achievement of your Goals & Dreams, your Wishes & with a positive intention so the universe can reconfigure to give you what you really want; a better lifestyle wealthy with better real friends, better family relationships, better faith & spirituality, deeper connections to other people, nature, animals, ecosystems, so that you genuinely feel good, loving yourself & everyone else more, making a positive difference in ways that you never imagined possible, before applying the Law of Attraction!

What you think about becomes your future. Embrace thoughts that make you feel good. What is true for those other people does not apply to you. Set yourself free & be ok with having more abundance, there is more than enough to go around!

So choose carefully, live fully, feeling your emotions but also using your logic & reasoning to control your impulses.

Take every thought captive and compare your thoughts to what you know to be morally good, ethical, fair, honest, decent, reasonable, that aligns with what you intrinsically know about being socially accountable to your family & community, about making a positive difference to make the world a better place helping other people any way you can imagine.

We all depend on one another & are brothers and sisters as one human people on one planet Earth. Everything is connected in life, so make good choices that improve your future & that help you to help other people improve their futures too!

Children are the future & we owe it them to be nicer to each other, to stop corruption & crime, to end war, to stop hurting each other & nature. We can do a much better job in all ways in life & everyone knows it! So stop thinking about it & make plans & make it happen! Be accountable & have personal integrity & treat yourself & other people with dignity & respect! Good luck & warm regards, I believe in you & know you can do it!

I woke up early at 4:34am today, Friday Oct 28th 2022, and was making an espresso shot around 5:10am, when a series of thoughts about "how I ended up with this complicated expensive espresso kit happened"- what factors were involved that convinced me to spend money while I was between jobs without meaningful income.

Here I give a brief overview of different rechargeable batteries that were developed throughout the 20th century, from early lead acid batteries to modern lithium ion batteries, going to NiCD & NiMH along the way.

Say, Sodium Ion EV's, Much More Cheaper Sodium Ion Batteries! Batteries for Billions of People without Lithium or Cobalt cost increases or limited supplies globally! Sodium Electric Vehicles! Sea levels are rising, but sea water rich with sodium, so we can tackle rising sea levels by harvesting the ocean water & rending sodium & other valuable mineral elements like gold & uranium from the sea water!

Reducing Waste | Reusing Existing Things | Recycling Degraded Things || There are many ways we can improve fashion by reducing garment waste. Cardboard, paper, glass, aluminum, steel, copper, plastics & many other things can be recycled into new materials, especially metals & glass.

UK Government debt spending drives up inflation, a phenomenon well understood by economists studying fiat currencies, which are all subject to inflationary pressures. By Sept 26th, 2022, the GBP reached value parity with USD, an inflated currency that has lost much of its buying power during the 20th century, most noteworthy now in elevated home & rent prices, increased food & fuel prices, the essentials selling at a higher consumer price index, making life basics less affordable.

Ketosis

A metabolic state of elevated ketone bodies in the blood, breath & urine. Ketosis a normal response to low blood glucose levels, such as those produced by a low-carbohydrate diet, ketogenic diet, interval fasting or fasting. Ketones produced by the liver provide energy for the brain & other body cells, allowing homeostasis to be maintained in the absence of food consumption.

Fasting has numerous health benefits, specifically for overweight adults, more especially for adults suffering from metabolic syndrome diseases & disorders from eating the western diseases of civilization diet or SAD standard American diet with excess carbs, not enough fiber, too little healthy fats & not enough quality proteins. Sugar, Insulin, Sugar, Insulin - stop the madness, give your body a break, thin about fasting & watch the Science of Fasting Video to get started!

Ghost towns, fake developments, unprofitable expensive railways, millions of home owners defrauded out of their mortgages, millions more unable to access funds in their banks. Rising labor costs inside China leading to outsourcing of labor, further weakening the economy.

My latest YouTube videos explore simple fast at home DIY restoration of rusted hand tools!

pxRoe2gnrNM

2 Quick Cutter Tool Restoration, Remove Rust & Light Nickel Plating - low cost easy DIY basic restore https://youtu.be/shvx-LVevTU

Making something old & rusty like new again seems cool for a lot of reasons! I like restoration & love electroplating & using electricity in welding, in electric motors, in lamps & bulbs, in appliances, in electric vehicles, in batteries, I think electricity particularly special when the energy encoded with information for the internet & to facilitate online commerce on the World Wide Web networks of commuters connecting peoples minds to products & services of all kinds in new emergent ways with no historical parallel. Its an exciting time to be alive as the world electrifies more to give every human person alive the benefits of a 6KW lifestyle :) FTW

Peoples lives are being smoked away by tobacco, especially exposure to second hand smoke that lingers, fouling things nearby with tar. Smoking one the most powerful causes of preventable death & disease, just like coal power emissions, vehicle tail pipe emissions & other air pollutants that sicken, harm, hurt, & kill people!

Block Heating warms up your vehicle faster, reduces fuel used on cold start, reduces the worst tailpipe emissions after engine startup, makes your engine last longer, and saves money, even after you pay for the electricity to run the block heater! They pre-heat engines in Formula 1 race cars, so you can too!

I have never been so happy to see rainy weather arrive. For over 6 weeks it do not rain once, during a time when many wildfires were burning out of control in the cascade mountains nearby. These wildfires were covering most of western Washington State with forest fire smoke that made many people ill with respiratory illness, acute onset from the continual smoke exposure; fine particles sucked into their vehicles HVAC system, into their workplaces air, into the air of their homes, making it unsafe to perform physical labor outdoors or to exercise outside, so many people had to refrain from walking, jogging, running, hiking, riding bicycles & other forms out outdoor activities.

How do you even know that you are real? How do you know that you exist? What if what you think about reality turns out to be completely wrong? How can you know for sure that what you believe is right, true, or factually correct?

I was wrong in the past when I said that I liked Vladimir Putin for defending Russian culture, telling people that move to Russia to adapt to the culture of Russia or move back to wherever they came from. I kind like that idea, such that each country unique, with unique food, unique holidays, unique cultural elements with different music, events, and other aspects of a society that can be & often are distinctive.

Scientific research shows that some allergies are related to fear, the negative emotion, especially dread or inhibitory chronic fear, a kind of stress that can set off the immune system reacting to pollen or other common irritants with a histamine response that gives rise to allergy symptoms, runny noise, itchy eyes, itchy skin, rashes, flushing, redness, pain, irritation, soreness, sore throat, nasal drainage, eye drainage, things that cause people to use expensive allergy medications, when sometimes those allergies are actually caused by FUD or fear uncertainty & doubt.

Powerful Words to Encourage Excellence

"Be Imitators of God"

Chapter 5

1 Therefor become imitators of God, copy him and follow his example, as well-beloved children imitate their father;

2 and walk continually in love, that is, value one another, practice empathy and compassion, unselfishly seeking the best for others, just as Christ also love you and gave Himself up for us, an offering and sacrifice to God, slain for you, so that it became a sweet fragrance.

3 But sexual immorality and all moral impurity, indecent, offensive behavior, or greed must not even be hinted at among you, as is proper among saints, for as believer our way of life, whether in public or private, reflects the validity of our faith.

4 Let there be no filthiness and silly talk or corese obscene or vulgar joking, because such things are not appropriate for believers, but instead speak of your thankfulness to God.

5 For be sure of this; no immoral, impure, or greedy person, for that one is in effect an idolater, had any inheritance in the kingdom of Christ and God, for such a person places a higher value on something other than God!

6 Let no one deceive you with empty arguments that encourage you to sin, for because of these things the wrath of God comes upon the sons of disobedience, those who habitually sin.

7 So do not participate or even associated with then in the rebelliousness of sin.

8 For once you were darkness, but now you are light in the Lord; walk as children of Light, live as those who are native-born to the light

9 For the fruit, the effect, the result, of the Light consists of all goodness and righteousness and truth

10 Trying to learn by experience what is pleasing to the Lord, and letting tour lifestyles be examples of what is most acceptable to him- your behavior expressing gratitude to God for your salvation

11 Do not participate in the worthless and unproductive deeds of darkness, but instead expose them by exemplifying personal integrity, moral courage, and godly character

12 For it is disgraceful even to mention the things that such people practice in secret.

13 But all things become visible when they are exposed by the light of God's precepts, for it is light that makes everything visible.

14 For this reason He says, "Awake, sleeper, And arise from the dead, and Christ will shine as dawn upon you and give you light"

15 Therefor see that you walk carefully, living life with honor, purpose, and courage; shunning those who tolerate and enable evil, not as the unwise, but as wise, sensible, intelligent, discerning people

16 Making the very most of your time on Earth, recognizing and taking advantage of each opportunity and using it with wisdom and diligence, because the days are filled with evil

17 Therefor do not be foolish and thoughtless, but understand and firmly grasp what the will of the Lord is

18 Do not get drunk with wine, for that is wickedness, corruption, stupidity, but be filled with the Holy Spirit and constantly guided by Him

19 Speak to one another in psalms and hymns, and spiritual songs, offering praises by singing and making melody with your heart to the Lord

20 Always giving thanks to God the Father for all things, in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ;

21 Being subject to one another out of reverence for Christ.

Do you have any real products, real originals, one off oil paintings or samurai swords? Do you own anything custom made that is unlike anything else? In todays 4IR era of mass produced goods does the concept of original even cease to have meaning?

I dream of cheap abundant clean electricity, reliable cheap space access, interstellar travel at faster than light using quantum spacetime tunneling & wormhole bridge jumping across space into other dimensional layers, higher dimensional planes of existence where energy & information are all that actually exists!

Business Insider video https://youtu.be/vA_j6rjsBec

#CubanCigars #SoExpensive #BusinessInsider

Why Cuban Cigars Are So Expensive | #Tobacco

Cuban cigars are known as the world's most opulent tobacco product. A box of cuban Habanos can cost thousands of dollars. Here is why!

I was reading on the EAA or experimental aircraft website https://www.aeroeducate.org/ when I thought of parameters after seeing a picture of a young woman who operates one! Powered paraglider's are the smallest, lightest & least expensive powered aircraft.

Homebuilt VariEze Aircraft

This homemade aircraft gets 45 MPG at 207 MPH. Flying slower with an upgraded Continental O-200 engine equipped with Light Speed Engineering computer controlled injection & ignition system, was able to get close to 100 miles per gallon, winning Klaus Savier the 2009 Fuelventure 400 challenge!

1926 Rolex Prices Reasonable
EVEN ADJUSTED FOR INFLATION !!!

See this video https://youtu.be/PCZMwsaefyk <- explains why ROLEX so expensive // I dislike the fact that you could buy a real Rolex in the past for a reasonable price that normal working people could afford; ~ a few hundred dollars.

Espresso / Latte / Cappuccino (C)AKS2022

Get out your analytical balance & bespoke Espresso machine made in Italy & similar Italian made espresso grinder configured with a setting so tightly tuned that the grind resulting has a uniform particle size that a communist party official would approve! How do I know about going off the deep end with coffee? I did!

Electromagnetic fields generated by current flowing through electric motor windings to push against magnetic field from Neodymium Iron Boron magnets in IPM motors or other electromagnetic fields from rotor windings in induction motors with VDF or variable frequency drive.

Intelligent motor controllers that can precisely modulate the magnetic fields inside electric motors, enabling them to act as a traction motor to propel vehicles, but also to accomplish regenerative brake energy recovery to charge the vehicle traction battery as the vehicle coasting, braking or going down a hill!

Transportation safety regularly relates to the drivers skill & attention level, focusing on safety & being polite, respectful, careful & observing rules of the road, obeying transportation laws & regulations! Most vehicle accidents are caused by human error, made worse by tiredness, intoxication, anger or stress. People make driving mistakes when they are distracted, when their focus broken or diverted by looking at their phone screen or making radio adjustments or looking in the back of the vehicle!

Here, I am talking about going under 10mph or 16km/h on battery electric micro-mobility devices like a Segway self balancing scooter, E-bike or electric kick scooter, electric unicycle, other wearable vehicles that let users glide, roll, fly; the idea un-car or alternatives to automobiles, cars, trucks, SUV's & other heavy expensive & overkill for typical single occupancy commuting purposes, to get people where they are going & back home again!

Meg said yes, $605.54 Hiboy S2 Pro
36 lb Battery Electric Kick Scooter
500 Watts, 19 mph, 25 miles range

Think highly efficient, energy efficient, tiny, powerful electric kick scooters that can go faster than you would probably ever want to ride them! In city use on paved surfaces ideal for a machine like this, though you can get higher power off-road electric scooters if your willing to spend a lot more!

WOLF WARRIOR 11 PRO + $2,749.00

Wow, as of 2022 there are dual motor electric kick scooters that can go 80 mph; see-> https://youtu.be/Nn-IqhezeZw , with 12 kilowatts of dual motor power from 3+ kWh of lithium ion batteries, with dual hydraulic disk brakes, regenerative braking, hydraulic suspension, that cost many thousands of dollars! High Performance Electric Scooter ^^

I was watching a YouTube video about plasma physics, specifically an emerging ion thruster design, when I saw a electromagnetic old school professional violet wand being demonstrated. I hopped on Amazon & searched for such a device & found a cheap made in china electronic high frequency power supply wand with argon tubes for skin treatment to help Meg. I asked her & she green lit the $30 purchase.

Many people are sick with digestive problems and many children die of gastrointestinal illness caused by a lack of access to clean potable water, a lack of access to sanitation, and a lack of access to clean toilets or sanitary products to wipe; sanitary napkins, tampons, pads or other consumables used for hygiene, like soap dispensers & soap & a sink with running water to wash hands after using the toilet, to remove fecal coliform & other pathogenic bacteria that can be on the hands after wiping the anus with toilet paper for example!

Amazon Link to Product in Image

I had donated blood recently & was sent an Amazon gift card, so I used it + a coupon to buy this super cool battery bank with a folding 6 watt solar PV array with USB-C output so that I can charge my portable electronics with solar energy ^^ I am very excited to test this in worst case conditions in fall / autumn & winter!

Did you know that certain music or sounds or binaural beats can influence your brains state, slowing down or speeding up your mental processing frequency, but you have to use headphones to get the best effect.

Mind body emotional connection where thoughts influence health & healing. You must choose to believe in God or whatever spirituality that resonates with your soul. You must believe in Healing of disease, just like cuts on your hand heal without intervention. You have to embrace Forgiveness! You must forgive yourself of others, of people from your past who hurt you. You have to let go of negative emotions & choose to embrace prayer & mediation on God's word or whatever spiritual health that resonates with you. I highly recommend you watch the linked Amazon video in the next section.

Link to Movie https://www.amazon.com/s?k=heal&i=instant-video&crid=EQMUC18WHZCY&sprefix=hea%2Cinstant-video%2C191&ref=nb_sb_noss_1

Watching this Movie "Heal" will unlock your minds ability to heal your body! Here is the link to the Amazon video <click the hyperlink, blue text)

LiPo Lithium Polymer Batteries

To reduce air pollution, energize electrical grids to charge electric vehicles, to desalinate sea water & to make green hydrogen, to decarbonize transportation, its fuel breeding fission reactors that have the most positive potential to improve energy systems on Earth, on the Moon & Mars & in spacecraft & space stations, where solar PV too limited especially & where the fuel mass paradox of chemical rockets limits space access with high cost per unit of mass launched & can never enable big scale space development. To greatly reduce air pollution toxic to public health, to make more clean renewable electricity, we urgently need more new nuclear reactors, the best of IFR or or fuel breeding reactors that make more fuel than they consume by enriching fertile elements placed in with the fuel bundles to make new fertile fuel elements that continue energizing the fission processes! We are talking about clean renewable nuclear energy for 10 billion people for thousands of years!

Carbon combustion emits trillions of tons of CO2 & large quantities of CO & NOX & SOX & PM, soot, smoke, fumes, all components of air pollution, & that air pollution toxic to public health, causing preventable diseases that increase healthcare costs.

Does the term vertical mobility mean anything to you? That's when the guy shoveling coal into a processing furnace at Proctor & Gamble can study & become a chemical engineer in his spare time, slowly climbing up positions until he become a head chemist & develops amazing products like Tide laundry detergent.

When a person buys a consumer electronic item like an iPhone or Apple Watch, that item is their personal property to do what they see fit with, so long as they do not use it to violate laws or others peoples basic human rights & freedoms! Device repair eco-friendly by reducing e-waste. Lithium Ion battery recycling important too!

Take a ride into what irritates & annoys me & many other people & see what I mean by feeling like the Government not giving its constituency any representation, all the mud throwing negative political ads on TV rights now are gross & unethical & filled with lies & factual inaccuracies.

The Invasion of the Ukraine by Russian Military forces highly immoral & unethical. I stand with the Ukrainian democracy & its independence as a country! Most of the Russian people are angry with Vladimir Putin, because his war against the Ukraine costing the Russian economy an enormous amount, vastly negatively & broadly damaging the Russian economy, while causing crazy costly fallout on the Ukraine, its people & infrastructure & environments heavily damaged, killed & destroyed & degraded because of the munitions the Russian military has bombarded parts of the Ukraine with. Many of the Russian troops disagree with Vladimirs orders, since those Russian troops & many other Russian people in Russia have friends & relatives & family that live in the Ukraine.

After reviewing most available technologies in the world, you might come to the same conclusion as me. It does not make sense why so many problems with pollution, land & water & ecosystem degradation, crime & corruption & other crony capitalism collusion & insourcing & outsources & currency manipulation & trade manipulation, slavery, bigotry, ignorance & confusion are so common & trending in the world today.

I started workout out exercising more recently, weight training, cardio & core exercises & feel a lot better, and stronger with more endurance too!

From https://www.sciencefacts.net/electromagnetic-induction.html

The interaction between magnetic fields & electrical conductors happen such that magnetic fields moving through coils of wire produce current flow & voltage, governed by Faraday & Lenz's law respectively #physics. Fueling global wealth creation & economic prosperity, electricity the magic powering society today!

Image from Apple
https://www.apple.com/apple-watch-series-8/

New $399 + 40 sales tax smartwatch by Apple, Made in Vietnam, Designed in California, USA, the Series 8 Apple Watch GPS in Midnight Black Aluminum. Darn, that SE was going great & I really liked it, but it died a tragic death in an accident early this morning on Saturday 10/1/2022

6 years of AirPods from Apple, yet they are still e-waste in the making, completely glued, epoxied, laser welded & plastic sonic welded closed, including the charging case. It hard to recycle e-waste of the kind that hardest to recycle. See this amazingly clear IFIXIT video about this https://youtu.be/WsxHWKJA7ig

Capturing body energy as DC to run the smart clothing circuits, capturing even more & better quality biodata for enhanced health & fitness tracking, VR Gear will help sell smart fabric & smart gloves & smart suits with tactile feedback so that you can be touched & touch others & AI agents in META artificial virtual reality environments.

Making healthy lifestyle choices not obvious to everyone. So many different topics in the world to distract & divide peoples attention. I think content & internet abuse gives rise to some ADD or attention deficit disorders. I think content can be just as addictive as common drugs of abuse, like alcohol, cannabis, cocaine & opioids like rainbow colored fentanyl that is killing people now sadly. Sitting around too much cause blood to pool up in the legs, increasing the risks factors for stokes, clotting & embolisms.

I got a soldering project kit on Amazon, and it took me less than an hour to build it & get it working on 3xAAA batteries or around 4.5vdc of alkaline primary battery energy. While it contains 5 different games, I was immediately drawn to a version of Tetris (not official) that reminds me of playing Tetris on Nintendo Gameboy & Original Nintendo as a child of the 1980s. Cool. Meg was playing it in no time too. My current high score on day two, 212 lines ^^

Expensive, hard on the body, interfering with REM sleep, perhaps alcoholic beverages are better consumed in smaller servings, less often, sparingly, earlier in the day, only until buzzed, & maybe getting drunk with too much also very unwise! Consider the RDA for ethanol & how brewing yeast kicked off the bioscience & lifescience revolutions.

I think its better to drink slowly for enjoyment of the flavors & to savor that fun buzz ^^ A wise drinker drinks with moderation, for enjoyment, on occasion, with friends & flavor to savor in memories made of good times spend with friends!

I like beer, wine, spirits. I even regularly think about building or buying a still, about gin & tonic, about IPA, lager beers, about tasty wine. I like whisky, bourbon, vodka, dry gin, dry wine, hoppy beer, stuff with more flavor, even sour beers are interesting ^^ Cheers!

I am not against consuming alcoholic beverages! But, maybe less is more, perhaps having 2 drinks is better than 5, perhaps only drinking 3 days per week better than everyday! I don't think most adult men are going to be harmed by having a beer at the Saturday barbecue event they hold with their buddies & friends on the weekend. I am not some kind of teetotaler zealot or part of the teetotalism movement where its practitioners abstain from all forms of alcohol consumption.

Consider that hangovers are caused by dehydration, that the costs of expensive liquor, wine & beer bad for your budget, that ethanol interferes with your sleep architecture & stresses out your liver cells, makes you have to pee more in the night & to avoid a hang over you have to drink a bunch of extra water, which makes the night time urination issue worse.

Is alcohol really so bad for your body to justify the surgeon general putting high contrast warning labels about the negative health effects of drinking alcoholic beverages on the bottles & packages. Probably, consider what drunk drivers end up doing because of their impaired judgment.

Drink to be merry & not to be drunk the wisdom the Bible shares about drinking alcoholic beverages, but I have another idea. Drink less so you do not weaken & sicken yourself. Sicken yourself with alcohol. But Aaron, when the body consumes carbs they ferment in the gut and produce ethanol & CO2 so you burb, say beer belly buddy, & this allows alcohol to enter the blood stream naturally when people eat common popular foods. Ok, I get it, but the dose different & the dose of ethanol is what makes the difference. Just like 1 shot of espresso different than a quad shot!

Think about how adding milk to the espresso makes a latte by changing the fluid volume & adding all sorts of other substances to tame the intense espresso flavors to something more palatable & enjoyable to others, thus the popularity of cappuccino & latte drinks, swelled ice coffee drinks & similar from Starbucks that are trendy & that sell well worldwide. I learned that instant coffee made of freeze dried coffee making a comeback with younger people who do not know about premium coffee or espresso or other complicated to make coffee drinks ^^ but who also do not want that bitter acidic over-brewed battery acid coffee made from commercial pre-ground coffee can coffee's made by huge corporations in high volumes, popular with peoples grandparents, who drink pots of this mediocre coffee all day long. My grandpa, Wesley, used to drink 20+ cups of coffee, God rest his soul!

Treat yourself as a reward after being productive all week, not to close to bedtime either. Give your body a few hours to metabolize your drinks before going to bed for the night! I drank a 24 oz 8.1% beer at about 5:05pm a few days ago & it knocked me out. I feel asleep on the floor shortly after the peak effects of the ethanol were noticed. Admittedly I had been using espresso shots to cover up the accumulated sleep debt & tiredness associated with sleep debt, so what the GABA receptor agonist ethanol did was enable me to catch a badly needed nap, even though I still probably had a fair amount of caffeine in my system.

Ethanol consumption creates oxidative stress on the body, just like sugars. Sugars are the new alcohol, since alcohol losing popularity with the general public sorta like smoking cigarettes did in the 1990's. The trending beverage with millennials Redbull & other energy drinks with B-vitamins & caffeine from several different botanical sources. Some energy drinks have 400mg of caffeine the entire RDA for adults according to WHO or the world health organization. Other countries like Italy, where espresso was developed, recommend a maximum daily caffeine intake of 300mg, so what is an effective RDA for ethanol? Who knows? A few grams perhaps, I don't know. Lets consider the alcohol content of a standard drink consisting of 1.5 shots of 40% hard alcohol, 12 oz of 6% beer or 5 oz of 14% wine

Ethanol Dose Math ( 1 standard drink )

1.5 fl.oz or 44ml X 0.40 "80 proof" = 17.6ml or 0.6 fluid ounces ethanol or about 17 grams et-oh

12 fl.oz or 354ml X 0.06 "12 proof" = 21.2ml or 0.71 fluid ounces of ethanol or about 20 grams et-oh

5 fl.oz or 148ml or 0.14 "28 proof" = 20.7 ml or 0.699 fluid ounces of ethanol or about 19 grams et-oh

Few adults are going to get a good buzz from 1 drink, so many will drink 2 or 3 drinks / so something like 5 oz of liquor, 3 beers or 3 glasses of wine / would be a maximum RDA - obviously there is no minimum

No one has to drink alcohol, ethanol or spirits or beer or wine. People like the flavors of these drinks & because they get a buzz from the GABA receptor activation when ethanol enters their blood stream & hits their brains GABA receptors, making it feel a little bit like they are asleep, while they are awake, disinhibiting people by removing some of their mental filters so they lighten up, ease up, relax, able to socialize better at parties where adults drink alcoholic beverages.

Beer popular at scientific conferences, the magic of yeast fermentation so valuable it help fund a tremendous amount of scientific investigation into biochemistry, pharmacology, medicine, infact many essential drugs like insulin are made with GMO yeast, just like brewing beer in large stainless steel vats, large steel vessel called bioreactors, which are just like high capacity fermenting vessels used at large breweries. Thus its cheap to make insulin & Lantus & other analogs of insulin in large volumes, easily scaled with another bioreactor as the GMO yeast, just as brewing yeast, can be cultivated in a sterile room using sterile techniques, to perpetuate the yeast, strain type them, keeping genetic diversity, selectively breeding to create different cultivars.

Special yeast strains were developed to brew spirits, yeast that can survive in fluids with up to 40% ethanol content. Brewing gave rise to a lot of bioscience, biology, in fact the compound microscopes first big applications was to study yeast used in beer making. At the time, it was thought that beer was made of water, malted barely, & hops, as the open vats would intake wild yeasts that blow around in the air naturally. In wine making the yeast on peoples feet stomping the grapes would contribute to the attenuation of fermentation process.

Ethanol

Produced when yeast consumer starches & sugars, its a simple two carbon alcohol, it can be burned in gasohol blends of gasoline & ethanol, including E10, E15, E35, E85 in flex-fuel vehicles, though ethanol contains about 30% less energy than gasoline, so I buy ethanol free gasoline from The Grange in Issaquah Washington, though Pure-gas has a website where you can fine other fueling stations that sell ethanol free gasoline. In pre-2008 vehicles, that were never designed to use E10, they ECU can produce better fuel economy settings with the correct fuel to air ratio & pulse width settings of the fuel injector & ignition timing settings running on straight gasoline 87 octane, regular unleaded gasoline without ethanol. The reformulated fuels mandate was a governmental measure in the United States that resulted in E10 gasoline & now E15 where fermented GMO corn ethanol added to gasoline to reduce the US dependence on foreign oil, since corn ethanol a domestic fuel, ignoring that foreign diesel fuel powered equipment utilized to grow, harvest, move, processes, manufacture, distribute, etc corn ethanol & its an energetic wash when you consider the energy inputs to make corn ethanol vs the usable energy in the ethanol produced, a wash, though it does produce a lot of economic activity & value added job creating activities in the USA/

Ethanol is a polar solvent like water, able to solubilize a wide variety of chemical substances & utilized to produce tinctures, to sterilize surfaces, as hand sanitizers active ingredient in some formulations, as a carrier in perfume & cologne since the ethanol readily holds a mixture of oils & fragrances suspended in a solution that can be dabbed or sprayed to add scents to the body, personal items or clothing. I use small droplets of sandalwood oil in this way, without ethanol. Some varnishes, stains & paints are suspended in solutions that contain ethanol as a solvent. Sometimes neat or pure ethanol used to rinse lab glass & can be used to sterilize skin prior to scalpel cutting, though iodine solutions are superior. Before anesthetics, ethanol was given to patients to intoxicate them prior to painful surgeries, so that they could endure the surgery, which was brutal in this earlier era of medicine.

Ethanol has a lower boiling point than water and higher vapor pressure (evaporates more easily than water) because it does not participate in strong hydrogen bonding like water, the two carbon chain interferes with the intermolecular forces such that ethanol boils at 173.1 F or 78.38 C, vs 100 C or 212 F for waters boiling point respectively.

Ethanol also called ethyl alcohol, grain alcohol, drinking alcohol or sometimes just "alcohol" EtOH, its chemical formula with 2 carbons, 6 hydrogen & 1 oxygen atoms respectively CH3-CH2-OH or C2H5OH or C2H6O / The dhydrogen saturated double carbon chain called ethyl for 2 (methyl is 1), considered volatile (goes from liquid to gas phase easily), its flammable (thus used as an additive fuel oxygenator in ethanol gasoline blends like E85. Ethanol is a clear colorless liquid with a strong floral metallic flavor & odor similar to wine. People consume ethanol for its psychoactive properties as a recreation drug & ethanol is the active component of alcohol drinks, spirts, wine & beer.

From the IUPAC the systematic name Ethanol defined by a chemical compound consisting of an alkyl group with two carbon atoms (prefix "eth-") having a single bong between them and an attached functional hydroxyl group -OH (suffix "-ol") the name "ethyl" assigned 1843 by Justus Liebig, which he named from German "aether" used to describe diethyl either C2H5-O-C2H5, from the Ancient Greek "Aither" for "upper air" and "Hyle" for "substance" or "Upper Air Substance" when combined. Today the word alcohol refers to a wide variety of different chemicals in chemistry as there are many alcohols, though specifically the word commonly used Alcohol refers to the alcohol present in wine or "The alcohol of wine" as was first recorded in 1753.

With up-to 25% of 50 proof, many medication not soluble or insoluble in water are dissolved in ethanol solutions, including pain medications, cough and cold medicines, mouth washes, & ethanol used as preservative in the liquid preparations of more than 700 different medications.

Different body enzymes break down ethanol into an intermediate called acetaldehyde, a known carcinogen that poses significantly greater toxicity than ethanol itself. Hangover & other unpleasant side effects of drinking alcohol from the formation of acetaldehyde by ALDH or aldehyde dehydrogenase enzymes. Some people have a mutation in the ALDH2 gene that renders this enzyme pathway dysfunctional, which contributes to the alcoholic flush reaction which is from toxic side effects from the acetaldehyde. Even worse, the ADH1B gene codes for increased enzyme activity in 80% of East Asians that improves catalytic conversion of ethanol to acetaldehyde, making the hangover worse faster.

Getting Enough Sleep Healthy

Getting enough sleep (7-9 hrs) vital to brain memory function, consolidation of memory, forgetting non essential information, building long term memory required for skill and knowledge development, a wide range of cell repairs like muscle strengthening, bone remodeling, bone marrow immune boosting, cell clean up processes called autophagy & other essential maintenance cascade restoration that occur during 4 different stages of sleep, during your sleep cycles or blocks of sleep.

Eastern Antarctica is to the right of the Transantarctic Mountains and Western Antarctica is to the left.
Via https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antarctica

Many teams from around the world are conducting science on the enormous fresh water ice dominated & least populated continent, Antarctica!

I was listening to Pandora streaming music on "Blackmill Radio" channel, when the song from the title started playing with thought provoking lyrics about being a genuinely good person vs a wannabe. I took the pleasure of transcribing these lyrics & found the source of the material from Alan Watts via google searching!

99% of adults of a sound mind, the vast majority of people know basic ethics of right & wrong behaviors, social accountability to not hurt other people, to not commit adultery, to not covet false idols, to not kill, to not betray, to only do good things & never do bad things; basic human morality of knowing "right" from "wrong"

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drake_equation#/media/File:Dr._Frank_Drake.jpg

Consider the Drake Equation by the late Dr. Frank Donald Drake, who recently died 9.2.2022 sadly. An astrophysicist & astrobiologist, who's eponymous equation a statistical probabilistic estimate of the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial space aliens civilization in just the Milky Way Galaxy, where our Solar System, the Sun & Earth & Moon are located, orbiting a relatively small black hole, in our local celestial neighborhood of a spiral arm of the Milky Way Galaxy!

Electric vehicles are not free or eco-friendly, it takes a lot of pollutant emissions industrial mining to make the metals, glass, plastics, batteries & electronics, utilized to manufacture modern EV's, especially the lithium ion batteries. Lithium production, cobalt mining, nickel mining, there is no such thing as an eco-friendly metal mine. Cobalt is produce in the DRC with child slave labor. So wipe that smug look off your face if you have an EV, you are not saving anyone from anything. With more than 100 onboard computers & miles of wiring for ADAS & differing levels of autonomy, all of those integrated circuits are made using toxic manufacturing processes that release pollutants into the biosphere of Earth, where other people are breathing, drinking & eating it!

Frugality intelligent, just like honest business exchanges between one person & another where money from one person exchanged for a good or service from another person. When the government becomes the customer the seed of corruption enters the military industrial complex with lobbyists paid for by corporate special interests that undermine the foundation of capitalism & produce a plutocracy where billionaire & transnational corporation granted personhood have more representation than citizens in government.

Chocolate Chip Walnuts Cookies

On my YouTube Channel https://youtu.be/XvZV4ZzHSFs <- click link to video :)

Ingredients & Volumetric Amounts

2-1/4 cup all-purpose baking flour

1tsp baking soda

1 cup (2 sticks butter) softened

3/4 granulated sugar (sucrose crystals)

3/4 cups brown sugar (w/ some molasses left)

1 tsp vanilla extract

2 large eggs (or 3 smaller eggs)

2 cups or 12 dry oz Semi-Sweet Chocolate Chips

1 cup chopped nuts (we chop whole walnuts)

Baking Procedure

Preheat the Oven to 350F

In a small bowlCombine flour, baking soda & salt

In a large bowl mix butter, sugar, brown sugar & vanilla extract until creamy (KitchenAid Classic Mixer)

Add eggs one at a time to the large bowl, mixing well after each addition

Gradually add in the flour

Gentle stir in the chocolate chips & chopped nuts

Place a rounded tablespoon worth of the result cooking dough on a baking sheet, repeat this step, leaving space between the dough balls for the cookies to expand without merging during baking

Bake the cookies for 9-11 Minutes

Makes about 5 dozen, or ~60 cookies (I got 37 large ones, cooked for 12 min since bigger)

They Dry Out Fast & Freeze Raw Dough Immediately

They lack preservatives, or other strange ingredients, and dry out quickly, so I recommend storing any uneaten immediately cookies in an air tight plastic, glass or metal sealed storage container. You can also cook less of the dough & wrap the remainder in plastic film or vacuum bag it & freeze it for several months, to later remove / thaw / bake them.

You have to move fast to freeze the unused dough since it contains raw egg & can spoil if allowed to warm, as warming promotes bacterial growth. In food safety procedures based on science, cold stuff stays cold, hot stays hot & warm is dangerous! Warm only ok for on-demand consumption. Keeping rice or dough or pasta near body temperature promotes bacterial pathogen growth & can cause food born illnesses if such warm bacteria contaminated foods are consumed.

The first industrial revolution thought to be stimulated by the global diffusion of coffee out of Ethiopia then to Yemen, then by trade to Europe where in the 15 century tap water was unsafe & nearly everyone was drinking beer all day. Coffee proved superior to alcoholic fermented beverages, stimulating lively discussion & intellectual inquiry by stimulating people to learn more.

While 3D-printing might sound like a modern or newer technology, the concept of additive manufacturing from the 1980 & an inverse of subtractive manufacturing, for example with machining where a solid block of metal shaved away inside a CNC by high speed cutting tools that chip or cut away metals very precisely, in a process that is time consuming & expensive, such that custom CNC parts are costly.

Stop Eating Immediately to Save Your Life. Think about Interval Fasting by skipping a meal, breakfast or dinner. If you want to lose weight, reduce the amount of carbohydrates & sugars you eat. I am not saying never eat sugar or carbs, just smaller servings less often, make them special sometimes not all the time. Consider the science of nutrition & metabolic syndrome diseases & what causes high blood sugars & all the diseases caused by constantly elevated high blood glucose levels.

Coffeepot (cafetière "campanienne"), part of a service,
1836, hard-paste porcelain, overall: 19.2 x 17.6 x 10.8 cm,
Metropolitan Museum of Art

Exceptionally tasty decaffeinated whole beans & pre-ground coffee are widely commercially available. Ethyl Acetate or Supercritical CO2 or the Swiss Hot Water Process, these methods are widely utilized to selectively solvate away caffeine while leaving the flavors & other compounds naturally present in the coffee.

How do your muscles & brain get glucose when your not eating, when your sleeping, when your interval fasting or fasting for 3-7 days ? Gluconeogenesis the biochemistry of survival & why fasting is healthy for overweight people and people with diabetes & hypertension & other metabolic syndrome disorders.

Diabetes & obesity caused by it, are a silent killing epidemic worldwide, affecting children as young as 6 years old. There are pathogens that cause diabetes, genetic disorders that cause diabetes, viruses that cause diabetes, parasites that eat the pancreas. Pancreatic cancer made worse by high blood sugars. Sugars feed rapidly dividing cancer cells. Sugar is a metabolic toxin when its consumed in excess because doing so raising blood sugar & elevating blood sugars cause progressive organ failure, cardiovascular disease, neuroendocrine disease, brain degeneration that makes ADD, ADHD, Dementia & Alzheimers diseases worse faster, just like trans fats.

I am at chapter 20 in a biochemistry textbook that I borrowed from Meg's employer Olga the OBGYN Doctor of Obstetrics, in association with reading Behe's wildly interesting book "Darwins Black Box" about how evolutionary microevolution cannot explain blood clotting, the eye or any other complex living systems actual origin or how these very complicated delicately balanced living systems could evolve by a tiny mutation drift event over long periods of time.

"Obesity and corporate greed | DW Documentary" <- Click Hyperlink or by the following web link directly https://youtu.be/DboTyNu-FLk

I am only offering scientific metabolic facts from a personal example. Sugary starchy foods, many junk foods & soda pop & alcoholic beverages, when consumed in excess, elevate blood glucose levels.

Over time this kind of SAD sweet carbohydrate heavy diet makes people fat, sick, and hungry. In response to evaluated blood glucose levels, their bodies increase pancreatic production of insulin into the blood stream where the hormone insulin tells cells in then body to uptake or intake glucose via GLUT1 the glucose cell membrane transporter protein, which turns into glycogen stored swelling up the liver, filling the muscles, then bloating fat cells with inflammation. This in turn increases visceral fat around the organs & produces the characteristic spare-tire belly fat that so many people struggle to reduce.

This is why animal cruelty bad or wrong, because it causes animals to suffer. Especially and including when people hurt, harm, damage or kill one another.

Gevi 15 Bar Professional Espresso Maker & 1.5L Removable Water Tank, in Silver, 1100W

When you pee or poo, when you eat & enjoy it, when you watch a movie you like or listen to music that you like, when your sleeping, when your at work, when your driving, when your walking, everyone getting high on neurotransmitters constantly. A 3 storm of electrical chemical activity coursing across your brain between 2 & 50 times per second, billions of neurons hosted by glial cells, burning glucose thinking in waves & 3D patterns of thought that underscore the functional basis of consciousness, the mind, or the software running on your brain computer cells.

I have no idea where these "memories" or "ideas" come from, but I distinctly remember living in ancient Persia, as a nobleman who grew old & very lonely, having never made a lifelong friend or wife, isolated & lonely waiting to die. I wanted nothing more than to come back as a regular person. Perhaps that is what this life is, as Aaron Schwarz. There are smells & flavors from Persian culture, incense, and other aspects of Persian culture that seem deeply familiar to me. I do not understand why either.

I like to research drugs that my doctor prescribes me. In this case lisinopril. From wikipedia we can learn a lot about this prescription pharmaceutical drug. I take 20mg twice daily! I like that its a water soluble lysine analog of a poisonous venom extract from the Brazilian Pit Viper snake :) This an example where nature gives a good bioactive template for molecular drug design, onto which good organic biochemistry can be applied to improve the efficacy & reduce toxic side effects!

Essential Drug Price Fixing Scandal : Evil Big Pharma Greed Prioritized Over Public Health
The hepatitis C virus destroys the liver of the person infected with it. Many 12-week treatment options are able to cure a person, but cost $40,000 to $90,000 USD2022.

High BP or Blood Pressure, the most significant risk factor for premature death. There are simple things you can do right now to lower your blood pressure!

I am glad to be part of the GEICO Family :)

Metromile decided to non-renew my policies for our 2005 & 2010 Prius, even though we paid every bill on time, never unplugged their OBDII device (I zip tied them into the OBD connector via a Y cable) so that I would have a free OBDII port for diagnostics. I made two calls to try & remedy the issue, and even contacted chat support. Apparently the underwriting team got information telling them I was unplugging the OBDII dongles used for the pay per mile insurance, when in reality I was only ever using an OBDII scan tool to reset the MIL lamp from P0000 errors that result from the downstream O2 sensor voltage mismatch after our catalytic converter in both Prii were stollen, I had Pro Exhaust in Auburn weld on $55 aftermarket catalytic converters with $25 after market O2 sensors, the thermal properties of the aftermarket cat & cheaper O2 sensor produce the wrong thermal regime & thus voltage output that does not match the ECU unit table values, which causes the OBDII system to send the P0000 error. When clearing the Errors using the tool, the Metromile Dongle sent a cellular message to the underwriters telling them that I was unplugging the dongle, when this was never the case. Resetting the OBDII exhaust P0000 was registered as an OBDII disconnect by the Metromile tracking dongles. So today, I am removing these dongles, having already setup a Geico account, since Metromile was unable to help me resolve the issue. No fault of the Metromile customer support, the underwriters sent me an email while I was on a 5 week long 8,000 mile road-trip in the USA, so by the time I got the mail & email, it was too late to resolve, the policy would be canceled & my account blocked for failing to provide all the photo & document evidence that had been requested while I was out of town. I deliberately only used my phone as a camera while on this road trip & refrained from using internet access & wanted to be offline, as part of a Be In Health Ministries retreat. I already had a Geico account for our 20 Yamaha MT-03 & 13 Honda PCX-150, respectively. I contacted Geico chat support to merge the car insurance & motorcycle insurance into a single online login, it was supposedly sent to technical support, so I will have to check back on that. I like Geico, very reasonable rates, factually less than I was paying Metromile for the exact same coverages :)

Evolutionary Theory Garbage

As a scientist, I am part of a growing number of scientists worldwide that reject the descent with modification principle of Neo-Darwinian theory of evolution. To understand why evolutional theory garbage at the macromolecular scale, you must examine the issues of biochemistry, DNA & the epigenetic mechanisms of molecular machinery assembly. You must also consider that an organ like the human eye composted of multiple complex discrete systems interacting that would be impossible to develop by mutation drift with microscopic changes of microevolution & require what might as well be called a miracle of spontaneous emergent complexity.

Imagine yourself on a large island with limitless money. You can buy anything you want, online, it will be air dropped magically. You can have the coolest house, the best sports car, its a large island with paved roads like the Isle of Man, and you have an endless food supply & fresh water supply, but you are the only person alive. You cannot share your experience with anyone else. No friends & no family, all alone in this universe, on your private island. What value does money have in this context? Can you enjoy existence isolated from other people?

You can grow older while staying younger on the inside using special tricks for a health lifestyle. Going to be earlier & not using artificial light & screens to stay up late for example. Drinking enough water & limiting ethanol & caffeine intake to stay well hydrated. Eating healthy fats & enough fiber to promote good digestion, while limiting carbohydrate & sugar intake to sparingly consume moderation. Think "Sugars" ok to fuel sports & heavy duty activities, but bad for people who move little or have impaired mobility. Sedentary lifestyle promotes disease formation, as does the standard American Diet or SAD, a hallmark of dietary imbalances typical of diseases of civilization.

Yes, you can use a smartphone for satellite navigation on a road trip but doing so with A-GPS on your smartphone will consume a lot of mobile data, access which might not be available. If you are in a rural part of America, your phones 4G-LTE or 5G wireless network might not be accessible cellular networks if you are in a "dead zone" or deep rural area camping or similar. Safer to use a dedicated GPS for navigation because of the simple always on interface with easily legible cartoon graphics & turn by turn audio speaker voice instructions.

In California, USA, motorcycles a legally permitted to drive between traffic lanes, during traffic congestion events when all the cars are jammed up. Lane splitting improve rider safety, reduces traffic congestion, reduces energy waste & vehicle emissions, improves road utilization, reduces air pollution, improves the motorcycles fuel economy, reduces risk of rear end collision from a driver behind the motorcycle not coming to a full stop due to smartphone distraction or similar.

Everyday Astronaut YouTube Video < Hyperlink

Absolute Zero temperature (-273 C or -459 F) a "Holy Grail" in Physics #physics as achieving this temperature means producing no molecular movement by extracting all the heat from a specific system or mass of substance or material being cooled to absolute zero.

Apple M2 Silicon (ARM) (SOC)

5nm TSMC chipset energy efficiency & compute performance per watt leadership in unified memory stacked SOC package chip enabling better battery life & much better computational performance, the M2 made using ASML deep UV computer controlled mirror bounce optics since lenses cannot give the required precision at such short wavelengths or with such high energy photons, the deep UV needed to achieve the optical precision for TSML latest advanced 5nm processing node chipset IC SOC fab manufacturing technology.

Sound pollution from roadways, outdoor gun ranges or shooting pits, industrial or commercial construction equipment, mining, manufacturing, you can wear hearing aids or wireless earbuds that can be configured with your smartphone app interface to these devices to have them provide active noise canceling. The technology leverages advances in computer science & information technology that affect nearly every domain of economic development worldwide, especially in emerging sectors or in emergent technologically advanced products & services.

People Kill People, with more than guns. You can assassinate someone from behind by slamming a pencil or pen the palm of your hand, as hard as you are able, into their ear canal. No one is talking about pen & pencil control laws. Guns do not buy themselves, load themselves, point themselves or fire themselves, all of those moves, including purchasing ammo, done with human voluntary volitional willful deliberate choices.

Do you feel like you are getting screwed at the gas pumps with inflated fuel prices? Price fixing reflective of market manipulation, & racketeering collusion between oil industry executives who pander to their billionaire shareholders, making record breaking profits as the average citizen being cheated by extortionate fuel pricing?

Gunpowder

A simple pyrotechnic composition of gunpowder can be made with potassium nitrate (saltpeter) 75 grams, flaky carbon (charcoal from softwood best) 15 grams, and sulfur (brimstone) 10 grams, respectively, mixed in a low-speed non-sparking copper ball or lead ball static free rotary tumbler mixer until a uniform mix achieved.

This dirty deflagrating gunpowder standard since about 1780, its combustion byproducts potassium & sulfur oxides from corrosive hydroxides that rust iron & steel barrel metals easily, meaning the users of black powder rifles have to clean & oil the bore & movement after firing the weapon repeatedly. Furthermore, smoke & soot emitted from the end of a barrel was a visual impairment, gave away the soldier's position & smell bad.

Today, gunpowder still used in slate rock mining since it has lower brisance (shattering power) than other explosives commonly used in mining where fine rock fracturing desired, the lower deflagration explosion of gunpowder helps to cleave off the slate rock into sheets useful for expensive roofing & other masonry applications. In fireworks, slower burning carbon replaces charcoal in the mix, to make gunpowder based solid rocket motors for skyrockets & bottle rockets & to launch festival balls, mortars & other aerial fireworks. Gunpowder also used in cannon fuse & fireworks fuses, quick matches & in other cakes & firework assemblies and devices.

Gunpowder also known as black powder, makes sense given the dark color of the final mix, mostly colored by the charcoal dust in the mixture. Gunpowder a granular mix of an oxidizer, typically potassium or sodium nitrate (KNO3 better, less hygroscopic), charcoal which provides fuel in the form of pyrolyzed cellulose, and sulfur, which also serves as a fuel while also a catalyst that lower the activation energy or temperature required to ignite the mixture, thereby also increasing the rate of combustion, especially in firearms where the chamber pressure can get to 50,000 PSI. The granules of modern gunpowder coated with graphite powder to reduce risk of electrostatic spark ignition accidents. Gunpowder for black powder rifles and cannons comes in F, FF, FFF, and FFFF grades, where F the coarsest or largest granules and FFFF a very fine powder.

Many compositions of gunpowder have varied throughout history, black powder used in mining for example does not work well in firearms, known as blasting powder, which is also typically made with the cheaper sodium nitrate, at mass percentages as low as 40%, 30% carbon & 30% sulfur respectively. Blasting powder was prone to absorbing moisture until 1857 when Lammot Du Pont found that tumbling gunpowder cakes & grains in graphite powder made them more hydrophobic or reducing the blasting mixture's ability to absorb moisture (known as DuPont "B" blasting powder). Coating gunpowder with graphite became an accepted manufacturing technique as early as 1839.

In rocketry, slower burning gunpowder accelerates the rocket for a longer time, where faster burning gunpowder more ideal in flintlock, cap-lock, matchlock guns that need a higher burn rate to accelerate the projectile down the barrel. Slower burning gunpowder also used in black powder cannons. Gunpowder continues to be used in black rounds, burst charges, signal flares, in solid rocket motors, in fireworks for lifting shells & for other special effects.

Combustion of gunpowder turns less than half the mass into gases, producing an abundance of PM or particulate matter, which is typically ejected from the muzzle of barrels, wasting chemical energy power, fouling the air nearby & making a visual signal with smoke fog, all while depositing corrosion promoting soot in the barrel, which jams weapons, especially high fire rate automatic weapons.

With 3 megajoules per kilogram, gunpowder less energy dense than TNT with 4.7 MJ/kg and gasoline 10.4 MJ/ kg respectively. Modern smokeless powders have much better energy density, cleaner burn characteristics, and enable higher energy case loading, important with higher mass bullets in these popular large caliber handguns, and super powerful rifle calibers. Gunpowder was largest replaced by smokeless powders, starting in the 1950's.

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