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Mercury Arc Rectifier, then Thyristor, Solid State Relays, Integrated Circuits, CMOS sensors, Mics, & More, AC & DC Trending Power for Decarbonizing Energy with Renewables & Energy Storage

Peter Cooper Hewit invented mercury-arc valve, known also as mercury-vapor rectifier in 1902, to convert grid power AC into commercial DC power for industrial motors, railways, streetcars, subways, radio stations, even an eventually especially to telephones, & servers, mainframes, super computers, desktops, laptops, tablets, smartphones, smart watches, smart rings, smart clothing, smart appliances, smart furniture, smart cars, smart bikes, smart scooters, smart motorcycles, smart keys, & so many other internet of things today, world wide web, mobile broadband, 5G systems, 4G LTE, Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, Chips, IC's, Graphics Cards, Memory, CPU, Motherboards, RAM, SOC's, & so many other electronics or COTS and scientific equipment and commercially valuable AI accelerators, TOS, ASIC, banking, fintech, accounting, investing.

Literally everything from healthcare to education has been computerized with DC computer systems, while the overwhelming majority of grid power AC or alternating current, so a means to switch AC to DC in so called Power Supplies, Power Conditioning, Power Conversion, Power Storage, Energy Storage, Renewables, Solar, Wind, Thermal, Wave, Tidal, even PV panels of 400W or bigger have tiny integrated DC-AC inverters so smaller higher voltage wires connecting all the panels to a whole home battery system pump AC directly into loads in the home.

Since all the appliances run on AC power, except the Wife Modem, Computers, & other digital electronics aptly named for digits zero and one that define on and off in transistors, often connected by the billion on chipsets or integrated circuits, made as the most complex products every created such that transistors are the highest precision most manufactured device ever, and continue to be so. We are seeing growing global interest in decarbonizing energy, noting how many converging and emerging technologies are enabling renewables to provide more grid energy rapidly consumed by utility customer loads, but where do all those electrons end up going as telluric currents in the earth returning to the power plant?  

Inverters take DC & Output AC, oddly this can go both ways in some setups. I have a portable battery generator, with 512wh LFP battery, but it has an integrated inverter, which takes DC from the LFP and makes AC power 120v 15amps, then my portable fridge has a power adapted for wall power, that I plug into the AC port which then converts the input low noise sign wave AC power into DC power that runs the Portable Fridge, which has a proprietary power connector, while the Battery Generator has all sorts of IO for power :) 

I also have an EU2000 gasoline generator with ECO mode that varies the inverter output to match loads of things plugged into it, our Fridge during a fluke wind storm 8 day power outages for example, then when fridge compressor not operating, onto a 1500w small fan blown ceramic element space heater since it was cold winter, and that combo kept our fridge cold and interior warm during cold winter weather and prolonged power outage, using about 1 gallon every 16 hours per day.

Mercury Arc Lamps emit a cool green white color and operated on early magnetic long-life ballasts, while offering better color rendering than LPS, or HPS orange lights, but not as good as more advanced MH metal halide, which were fully miniaturized for automotive headlights with 12V DC digital ballasts, on 35W MH projectors that had vastly superior optical performance throwing out more light further than older Halogen or Incandescent headlights, while 4200K color temp superior automotive illumination color matches spectral sensitivity of human eye vision which peaks on bright green laser color sensitivity, why all safety gear went from neon orange to neon green also. 

Cold Weather Outside in Winter, Chilly Cool, Cold & Raining, Very Cold, Freezing Cold, Near Freezing, Wind Chills, WTF

Human body has to stay above 95 degrees around 98 degrees to work correctly, for all the cell enzymes to work properly, for DNA transcription and RNA transcription, for organelles to do their job properly, but the average outside temperature of Earth only 59 degrees.

Where metric system widely utilized, 15 deg C equals about 59 deg F, average outside temperature. 

Body temp 35 C means 95 F on low side of hypothermia, normal body temp 36.7 C or 98 F

Many locations have very cold winter temperatures that make walking outside, riding a bicycle outside, riding a motorcycle, flying a paramotor, anything where wind chill going to shove cold air at your body, like riding a Segway or Self Balancing Scooter, all that cold, cold and wet, or cold icy air going to steal body heat from your fingers, tip of nose & ears, especially cold rain which can steal body heat hundreds of times faster than cold dry conditions.

While activities like jumping jacks, walking, doing physical labor, they can increase your metabolism and body heat production, yet if you work too hard or workout too hard all that sweat you generate will cool your skin and promote heat loss in clothing soaked on the inside with sweat, so balancing body temperature in very cold outdoor, means using layers of warm gear, specialized, expensive, and it makes living in colder climates more costly from heating home more utility bills elevated, same for heating water, for heating laundry to dry it, for running dishwasher, for cooking, when temperatures outside are colder your warm home loses expensive heat faster to environment, meaning you have to pay more for electricity and natural gas or fuel oil or coal or wood to heat your home in the winter.

What about when you are outside on your own operating a chainsaw to cut down dead tree's in the arctic like Luke Nicols of Outdoor Boys, to generate dry wood to make a fire, or to load into a foldable metal camping stove inside a hot tent, with a special exhaust pipe into a fireproof jack in the tent that allows the super hot pipe to not melt the tent material. 

But dragging a 10lb or 4kg metal stove and pipe kit in a backpack, along with a chainsaw and fuel, food, water, this can add up to a 80lbs of gear for 1 adult man to live in super cold for a few days, assuming he uses much of his day to harvest dead trees for wood fuel to burn to make a fire for heating an improvised snow structure made using a shovel aluminum folding camping model, all the gear, lights, stove, utensils, must be aluminum, titanium or thin stainless steel to keep weight down, while a warm tent material has to be waterproof for winter, a problem of moisture building up on the inside which can soak your sleeping bag, clothing, shoes, gloves, hat, if you bump it at all, so a careful balancing act of moisture control, heating, and warm gear must be carefully chosen otherwise freezing to death a very real danger that has claimed the lives of many unprepared young men trying to emulate what they see in YouTube videos of camping in the arctic blizzard, without understanding all the special precautions and special gear required. even a folding camping saw can work wonders to cut down dead smaller trees for firewood, without weight, fuel & complexity of bringing a chainsaw system along for the ride. 

I wonder about correct indoor temperatures to heat a home for comfort. Why do people choose to live in area with terrible cold winter weather. Noting that most developing economies have very warm conditions allowing low-cost living with less energy use per person? That living and operating in very cold conditions uses tons of energy, as noted the extreme amount of wood consumed when Luke Nicols camping in sub-freezing arctic conditions, for one person, their body weight or many times that of dead dry wood required to keep them warm overnight, extremely resource intensive, not exactly a model for 8.3 billion people to follow, but as noted about warm countries with developing economies, most of Earth's people live in warmer locations, and I actually think its stupid and unwise to live in very cold conditions that drive up energy consumption 3-8X more, at great cost, not just for the energy, but also all the additional emissions.

Again, why do people choose to live in very cold locations, that seems stupid given body temperature requirements. The larger the difference between body temperature and outside temperature means more energy, more gear, more costs, more emissions, more complication, more room for failure. In the so-called cradle of life the outside temperature means no one is going to accidentally freeze to death at night while sleeping. 

Consider the life of Christ Jesus and people living in, near and around those areas that he frequented, they wore leather handmade sandals, open toe, a tunic body sized garment made of hand rolled animal wool spun on a stick slowly and tediously or linen, and such that clothing made this way extremely expensive, a Tunic made of hand spun wool, then hand weaved, can take hundred of hours to make for one person, and in today's US dollars given us labor costs, that would eat up 7 days wages today, around $1000 with the handmade leather sandals, effectively like one week wages back then or a silver denarius at the height of the Roman Empire

There was no such thing as cheap fast fashion in antiquity, no mass manufacturing fabric. In fact, one of my primary complains about paramotoring, the wings, an proper well made EN-A wing can cost as much as $3400 to $7000, almost or more than the cost of the carbon fiber rod, aluminum frame, Italian low mass forced air cooled 80cc Atom 80 motor combo with all additional gear, so the system costs $12,500, when in reality the mass produced synthetic fabric in the larger paragliding wing only costs a couple hundred bucks, the major cost design, made to order, they are a low volume niche product, not mass produced like fast fashion garments leverage to cost reductions achieve in high volume manufacturing, and the same can be said for nuclear reactors and supercars, when it's all custom and low volume, costs are extremely high. 

Jay Leno for example has a Turbine Powered Supercar custom made by GM in collaboration with a Helicopter manufacture, and cost just short of $970K to make, and so loud that his wife refuses to ride in it, and it had to be reworked several times to correct issues, since it was a one-off custom build. Even Y2K motorcycle, use a repurposed helicopter turboshaft engine system, FADEC electronics & cost about $100K in the year 2000. 

I have watched a fair number of Refurbish videos on YouTube, where in India, somewhere in India, men in cheap sandals, on dirt roads, on rural lots, are using outdoor sand blasting, outdoor spray painting, wire wheels on angle grinders, you can hear animals and kids making a racket in background, they take old motorcycles that are all rusty, graphics are messed up, lubricating oils in fork dried out, the chain funky, it needs extensive cleaning, refinishing, new parts too, you see them open packages of new wire harnesses, new headlights, new dash display, often 1980s models, with zero emissions controls, that are illegal to sell in America, even comparing $6000 all said new cost of US model Yamaha MT03 to the exact same model sold in India without emissions controls for $1870 all said, why does the US model cost $4599, there is no way the US emissions controls add that much additional cost. 

The point is that it is infinitely more practical to live and operate as a person in warmer weather. Doing that same kind of refurbish work in America means you need a giant shop building, diesel heater unit, and all sorts of specialized gear to do the same work inside, without exposing your lungs to toxic particles of VOC fumes, so you do not poison yourself refurbishing a motorcycle, given value of a human life, cost of treating diseases caused by VOC inhalation, Cancer, or breathing particles from rusty paint, lung cancer or COPD, as examples of expensive to treat diseases from such exposures. 

Polite, morality, decency, doing what you know to be right

 When discussing the value of public education with an 8 year old girl who rides my elementary bus, we arrive at the following conclusion. Having children go to school and learn basic reading comprehension, writing, math, problem solving, but also to learn how to interact with others who may be very similar or different, known as social emotional intelligence, we do not speak inappropriately with bad words, we keep our hands to ourselves, we only speak to others in kind polite ways, making our best effort to always do what is correct or best in any situation, knowing that even trying our hardest we sometimes slip up and make an error or mistake, but sometimes saying nothing actually the wise way, look and listen more, you can learn a lot by just listening to and watching other people interact, so called Monkey see Monkey do, and in a way copying someone who is showing you the best way of doing something a great form of flattering them in a complementary positive way, for example when you teacher shows the class how to perform a math problem, if you make an effort to take notes, do practice problems and apply yourself to understand well enough that you could teach someone else how to do it, that is how you know you are applying yourself enough, and besides when a game overly easy it can become boring to play more quickly, so harder games can be more engaging and fun, and you can apply this idea to any personal character challenges to become a better person one day at a time with mercy and grace for yourself and other people who you have the blessing and fortune to interact with 

Texting Someone in The Same House, Global Data Travels Across Vast Networking & Back, Wasting Electricity

In today's highly digital world, even low income people in developing countries carry a smartphone daily, as do many homeless people and free loading children living with their parents, in many instances even young kids now has their mom or dad's old phone, noting that in a high income family in America, if one of the parents was using an iPhone 16 for about a year, then just bought an iPhone 17 but instead of trading in the 16 to Apple for a $350 discount on the 17, they give their kid the 16 used as their first smartphone. 

Now lets consider that I just paid $915 for a brand new "white" iPhone 17, but am in the middle of data migration hell to get what I need off iPhone 14 in very good condition before factory resetting it to trade it in for $250 so my total actual cost of iPhone 17 -14 traded in becomes $665, thank you Apple for such a great deal to be soon transacted on a trade in once data migration complete :) Now that you know a little bit about my pocket super computer situation, or that we have wifi so well setup that its almost like information furniture, hard to imagine operating with it. 

Yet smartphones brand new, considering the cheapest android models I know about in US dollars are available in developing countries for around $100 or one hundred dollars. This is no where near the so called Apple Tax range, $500 out the door and up for a minty fresh iPhone, noting they continue to sell 16e alongside 17, new iPhone Air, or most expensive premium flagship the 17 Pro Max, about $300 more than the regular 17, yet the regular 17 has better video and imaging capture than new iPhone Air, but with only 1 camera in back, iPhone Air "thinner" and "lighter". 

Even within iPad range, thin in now, even MacBooks, it seems that Apple loves to design rounded rectangles eventually made in China using machined metal to make the Frame of such things, so called "unibody" noting a large iso slab of aluminum or titanium is 5 axis milled into a thin strong machined singular seamless part, they muscle that holds the glass, battery, mainboard, and CMOS sensors in place, the mount for all those different size screws in an iPhone, that keep it all together, along with really strong waterproofing adhesive around the edges of the front and back of those machine metal rounded rectangles, while Samsung Super Ultra AMOLED Hyper Elite ++++ screens adorn iPhones since model X back then. 

The question is more what are people doing with all this technology, rather than specific technical details of what makes them physically a complex assembly of elements, or on a software levels allows the touch icon user interface to execute code inside the SOC based supercomputer stack, which almost mixed the entire computer into a single chip made by TSMC using AMLS latest huge ultra expensive lithography machines inside class 10 cleanrooms. 


Yamaha R3 super-sport bike or Naked MT-03 with same 321cc offset parallel twin doing 0-60 in under 5 seconds with a Top Speed of 112

2020 during the COVI19 pandemic, Yamaha MT03 at I90 Motorsports, Issaquah, $6k out the door

Added small clear acrylic windscreen, slip-on pipe & whale-tail delete to clean up rear-end look :)

Longest single day trip of just short of 400 miles at highway speeds in rural America made my inner butt thigh area sore for 4 days after that long ride. I wonder how long can someone ride an MT03 without getting sore seat? 

How Long Can You Safely Ride a Motorcycle before Fatigue?

Grok, Copilot, Claude, & other LLM's say 30min to 1.5 hours riding per day before seating tissue fatigue from NVH starts to cause tissue damage, varies depending on age, weather, fitness & other factors. Wearing in ear foam ear plugs, a full-face helmet, riding jacket & pants, boots, a windscreen, known ways to reduce fatigue. Many MOTOGP riders say 45 minutes hugging multi-million-dollar racing bike ridden at edge of tires track holding limits about as long as a fit 20 something can ride before fatigue soreness and loss of control fidelity sets in.  

A2 License Formula Sells in Europe Well 

I often mention 321cc twin Yamaha MT03 as a magical formula for a practical street bike in a city or suburban area, where you can get around 25-50 MPH but also hop on the highway or freeway at up to 85MPH, though not ideal for long highway touring routes, like a cruiser with a bigger more relaxed setting position, bigger engine spinning at lower RPM. 

MT03 fits in Small Spaces 

For example a CB500F by Honda would be a better overall do-it-all machine, but they were not available, and I needed a small bike based on tight garage parking, so MT03 was also cheaper, available, smaller, and more idea since I live in the Suburbs of a very large Seattle Metropolitan area, where in fair weather, I commute to and from work on MT03 in less than 20 minutes each way, what I call blasts, or burst rides, quick commuting bursts, not touring. 

Magical Motorcycle Formula

40 horsepower
20 foot-pounds torque
Under 400 pounds weight wet ready to ride

This "A2 license" formula, Euro 5 compliant, EPA compliant
Fast enough, not overpowering, not an organ doner bike
With up to 200 HP liter bikes, super-bikes, OP, Moto GP fast
In the real-world traffic, harder to ride at legal speeds IRL

Motorcycle Wisdom 

"Pretend like other drivers are aiming for you"

"More fun to ride a slow bike fast than a fast bike slow"

Trading Grom SF for MT03

I traded a tuned 2019 Honda GROM for Yamaha MT03
I had to throw some cash at this trade & so did my wife
4 speed Grom with under 12.5 HP after tuning
Was just not able to go on freeway correctly
Nible, small, fun, flickable, not highway

I wanted a commuter bike able to blast fast
This landing me looking for a Toyota Bike
Yamaha works with Toyota Lexus on engines
Oh, R3 engine refined for 9 years before MT03
Reworked for earlier torque beginner friendly 

Fuel Economy of 2020 Yamaha MT03 - 53 MPG IRL

Stole-it fast 33 MPG
Quick 45 MPG
Sanity 58 MPG
Hypermiling 77 MPG
Elite HM 83 MPG

Touring Limitation Vibration (e.g. NVH)

Buzzy at freeway speeds, 4600 RPM at 60 MPH in 6th gear
Cleaver engineering trick gear ratio to comply with EPA
In 4th gear it can hit 112 MPH top speed
5th gear overdrive, 6th gear highway cruise gears
It sings on freeway on ramps in 2-4 gear
Lover revving to 8K-RPM to reach freeway speeds
Once going 60 MPH at 7000 RPM, upshift to 5th to 5300 RPM, 6th gear to 4600 RPM

These numbers make it a buzzy highway machine as it cannot get down to 3300 RPM unless going about 45 MPH in 6th gear and doing that on highway for long trips where it climbs to 70 MPG.

Ergonomics of MT03 Superior to R3

Master of Torque & Naked Upright
Ride with your balls out, they can hit tank if you brake hard
Upright seating, low seat height, good suspension
Surprisingly precising transmissions shifting
Easy to read at-a-glance black & white LCD dash
Great fuel economy, excellent engine, reliable
There is a lot to like with Yamaha MT03
I love my all black 2020 MT03

History of Riding Street Bikes 

Been riding street bikes on pavement for 25 years
Buzz 2004 Suzuki GSX-R600 was fastest one
1999 Honda 600F4 was before that
Still riding 2013 Honda PCX150

Alex Jones Infowars Live Coverage of Woke Leftist American Terrorist Looting Rioting Attacking ICE Agents Storming Building, Tipping Vehicles Over, Shooting at ICE Agents, Driving into Ice Agents, & a high level Tim Walz funded NGO coordinating chaotic attacks on America with BRICS funding

I do not know how to say this, but Trump might immediately enact the Insurrection Act to send the US Military into support ICE agents, to keep domestic terrorists the FBI going to slam in the near future, as in indite, convict and imprison, some of the leftist anarchists will be charged & convicted of sedition, aiding foreign governments against the interests of the United States of America, like Somalian people in Minnesota, widespread liberal handout social program fraud by illegal immigrants, causing hundreds of millions of lost money or funding in many us States, tens of billions net loss from United States Medicare & Medicaid & Social Security fraud extensively executed by organized crime from foreign countries in the united state illegally, often criminals from foreign prisons that the Democratic Party of the US brought into America in a failed attempt to install their illiterate inarticulate word salad insane alcoholic fool, Kamala Harris, which didn't work, because hard left work only represent a single digit percentage of the US population, similar to other tiny minority groups, like transgender people, who along with GLBTQ+ tend to also support GAZA Islamic Terrorist Groups that enacted Sharia Law where being gay punishable by dead from stoning or dropping from tall building, police in street executions for apostacy, over 650,000 million female minors are married to adult men older than 45 years old, girls under 14 years old, weeping uncontrollably when they are taken by force from the families, tantamount to child sex trafficking, hundreds of millions of child brides live in Islamic countries that hate America. 

The left wacko's in America claim that ICE immoral, when ICE federal agents are only combatting fraud & crimes, and have greater legal authority than local police, as federal agents, who get more than 8000 death threats daily, who are being shot at, who are being targeted by leftist groups, they are killing ICE agent children & wives, they are torching their homes, setting their vehicles on fire, and looting and rioting, and breaking down windows, spray painting hate slurs and other crude ideas to paint ICE in a bad light, that they hate ICE, that they Hate Trump, and are organizing to mount a resistance to storm Washington DC and depose Trump out of power by force, violence, storming capital buildings, killing senators & congress people, murdering police, and every form of civil war level chaos and terrorism. Many of these bad actors on the hard left will be charged for domestic terrorism and get the death penalty for sedition and treason against the United States. The FBI, CIA, NSA & other intelligence agencies are going to go on a multi-year national shake down to find all the domestic liberal terrorists and bring them to justice, many will be put to death for their crimes against America and few will cry about it. 

Solar Super Capacitor Cars Trucks & SUV's

Keeping li-ion batteries 100% full causes them to lose capacity faster, as does fast charging, high heat, noting many commercial li-ion chemistries in mass produced batteries are prone to fading capacity issues.

Look at Boeing 787 battery, Samsung Galaxy S7, Hoverboards, Tesla installing a titanium plate under some BEV models after it was proven that a electric car with lithium ion batteries that catches fire because the batteries have a problem, can be very difficult to extinguish with firefighting methods, and the very high DC voltages inside the burning EV also hazardous when Tesla model whatever get into an energetic highly mechanically intense road accident. 

Many improperly designed or flawed manufacturing lithium-ion batteries are liable to catch fire while charging or discharging or from short circuiting if mechanically damaged or thermal runaway fire if overheated. Super Capacitors while holding less energy, can be float charged to full & cycled for tens of thousands of cycles without damage, vastly superior in terms of durability and long life than most lithium ion batteries.

Yet lithium titanate used in Citizen solar electric wrist watches can last 20 years or 55,000 cycles, but at only 2.4v Lithium Titanate not a popular li-ion battery in other applications. Some dash cams & solar electric wrist watches, clocks, long life compact information displays, calculators, low power portable electronic devices, can make use of a 2.4v Lithium Titanate cell with superior long life power storage & cycling than lithium cobalt oxide hard carbon, the kind of lithium battery used in a smartphone or tablet or laptop or that fade prone NMC NCA stuff that Tesla loads into EV sold in America while using longer lasting superior but less energy dense LFP in Tesla models sold abroad. 

Never Use Brake Cleaner on a soon to be Welded Part, it releases toxic Phosgene gas, break cleaner residue super-heated by welding arc produces phosgene gas

PSA for DIY welding, cleaning parts with brake cleaner dangerous, residue left behind after using brake cleaner can react with hot welding arc to release extremely deadly phosphene gas

US National Parks so Busy during Peak Hours, new Gate Control System Requires Online Reservations Weeks or Months Ahead

Tragedy of the commons, when tons of people all descend on a public place, the aftermath usually wrecked with garbage, spilled food and beverage, overflowing trash cans, plastic waste blowing around in the wind, and in a wild natural setting this kind of human impact becomes multiplied when there are too many people in the same place. 

China has this problem in many cities in China because they have the world's largest population. Many larger cities in China have a population of 90 million people, so many new car buyers in fact, road could never handle that many personal vehicles, so they setup a lottery system, where a person has to apply months or years ahead to get a parking space, vehicle registration, & pass to buy a vehicle, car, truck or SUV, noting how many peak traffic situations in China create stop & go congestion lasting for 3+ hours, people stuck in their car for 4, 5, 6, or 7 hour. I would piss myself if stuck for that long, especially after drinking coffee or tea, which are very popular in China. 

Road trips across rural America where you can access National Parks was historically a spontaneous thing, where you would pack up your vehicle with food, water, gear & leave as a family for a long road trip across America, some in RV pulled by a truck, others in Motorhomes, but many people take a family of 4 in a mid sized SUV, other like my wife & I are able to drive a sub-compact Corolla Sedan or Prius, sits its just the two of us, and all the other utility space sufficient for all our fear & luggage & supplies. 

We have gone on many road trips across America but frequently encounter overcrowding with our unlimited 1-year national park pass. We were even force to pay extra with the unlimited pass, for parking & for each person to access, in one case they forced us to use our smartphones to setup an online registration, but no signal in the entry area, meant we had to do U turn & drive up to the top of a ridge where our phones had 4G or 5G access, probably LTE-adv, & we were able to setup a time specific reservation in rural Moab Utah, and the hiking inside after parking, ended up being really fantastic. We met and spoke with many polite, kind, outgoing travelers like us. 

It was spectacular and worth the extra effort. That being said, having to register online when already at the gate, pay extra when we already purchased the most expensive unlimited annual pass, it made it a premium access experience at higher cost, underscoring how that makes it unfair to lower income families who's only practical vacation access is a road trip in the daily use commuter vehicle, across America, often to visit amazing National Parks. 

Even as a child I wondered, why do people in large groups wreck areas the visit? Are there too many drunk people or people high on drugs? Why anyone thinks its ok to litter & throw trash on the ground befuddles me. I consider people who litter low quality low brow low functioning inconsiderate selfish self absorbed rude people.

Many youtubers have channels called Instant Payback or Instant Karma, usually people in SUV throwing fast food containers out their window, then a do-good-er on a motorcycle with a helmet cam picks up the trash, taps on the window of the littering car, then when they open the window, throws the trash back into the vehicle that littered, forcing the littering person to realize that what they did was socially emotionally & environmentally inconsiderate, littering in most place around the world is also illegal & people who are caught littering are subject to fines, they have to pay the police a fee for littering, if the police catch them littering, often in traffic. 

In Oregon, on a road trip, my wife I spotted a No Littering sign, $6250 fine for littering, wow, we were astonished at the high fee for littering and have talked about how amazing it is that the state of Oregon had to raise the fine that high to get people to stop littering. I wonder why they are so many people willing to throw trash out of their car, truck or SUV? What is wrong with these people? Are they dumb as a box of rocks? Or just so self-absorbed they feel entitled to treat Earth as a personal trash dump.

 

Coffee, Caffeine, Tapering Back, More Sleep, Recovery, Health, Upper Limits & More

WHO, NIH, FDA recommending a maximum daily intake of 400mg Caffeine

What does 400mg of caffeine mean in terms of coffee, tea, cola / soda or energy drinks? A typical cup of tea, single shot of espresso, 8oz energy drink or 12 oz soda have 70-90mg caffeine

With coffee, your grinds to water ratio, hot water infusion temperature, time for extraction, pressure of extraction, method of making coffee, will all influence aroma, taste, flavor & caffeine content.

Using James Hoffman method, 30grams of coffee beans freshly ground, 185F hot water, into a French Press, SS, Glass or Ceramic, 5 min brew time, press basket, rotate cap, dispense hot coffee. Notice amount of water missing, how many ml or grams of water? 

30g coffee about 450mg caffeine
1 gram of ground coffee contains about 15mg of caffeine
3 grams of tea leaves contains about 20mg of caffeine

In my personal SS French Press, double wall insulated camping approved model, 18oz of water along with 30 grams of hand grinder coffee grinds fills the unit enough so that the cap & basket pressed into it do not cause coffee to spill out of the spout, but just barely. This is strong coffee, resulting 17.75oz of coffee you dispense contains over 400mg of caffeine.

I was doing this daily for almost 18 months, when I decided to do back to doing a double shot of espresso into room temp water to dial back, that would be 24 grams with 12 grams in each shot. Then after a few times of doing 2 shots in water, I went to one 12 gram shot in 12 oz of water, now on day 2 of this. I am slowly dialing back caffeine intake, similar to intermittent fasting to dial back calories. 

Why would an adult want to dial back caffeine, to reduce tolerance, improve gastric stability, increase hydration & sleep quality, & feel more rested, less jittery, less anxious, less disturbed, less annoyed, to become calmer & more stable, to feel tranquility and peace without over stimulation. So that you do not have to wake up in the middle of the night to pee as much. To lower your blood pressure. To not upset your tummy as much. Tapering off slowly over the course of 2 weeks also helps to avoid headache, nausea, irritation, & other side effects of abrupt cold turkey stopping all sources of caffeine. I did the same think to stop drinking alcohol, I gradually dialed back until giving it up entirely.  

Dr Sten Ekberg on YouTube says "Caffeine lets you borrow more energy now, but you end up having to pay it back later" "like spending on a credit card, then having to stress about the balance increasing" "you borrow now but have to pay it back later" analogy. I was inspired to cut back on coffee intake after watching his video about Caffeine. 

Adenosine builds up during your time awake, eventually plugging into all its receptors to cause you to become tired & seek sleep and to go to bed & fall asleep & continue sleeping for at least 5 cycles, that five deep cycles in 6 hours or as much as 9 hours if your cycles are longer, some people can get away with 4 cycles inside of 5 hours of sleep, other people can sleep for 12 hours & get 8 cycles because they have sleep debt from not sleeping enough previously or having a sleep disorder or crazy variable work schedules, close then open earlier, or late night then early morning, so many people in USA are sleep deprived that it actually increases vehicle accident rates. 

Caffeine block Adenosine receptors, so as to prevent accumulated while awake increasing drowsiness, and caffeine a wakefulness promoting agent, performance enhancing drug, but not a stimulant. It is true that coffee contains many other substances, more than 10,000 that upregulated dopamine release, improve dopamine transport, improve dopamine receptor binding, reduce dopamine metabolism to keep it bound to its receptor longer, and does the same for norepinephrine and serotonin, just weakly so, nothing as extreme as mixed salts of amphetamine like Adderall or methamphetamine. 

Coffee is a weak microdosing cocktail of antidepressant wakefulness promoting early AM pick-me-up, but going above 400mg of caffeine can increase risks of sleep disorders, gastric problems, increased urination at night, dehydration, high blood pressure & many other problems. 

In terms of caffeine, like food in older age, less can be much more, as in healthier, better for your wellness and overall health. Over-eating increases risks of all causes of mortality but so does abusing caffeine in excess. Same can be said for sugar or cocaine, using less, less of the time, less often, at lower doses, ends up being better overall that abusing at increasing doses.

Noting that if Fentanyl users measured out 20mcg, that would be a relatively safe hit, but many are taking 200mg, a fatal dose, because they are not having a high precision scale needed for microgram measurements and are not familiar with how to operate a scientific scale. I believe social workers & government should be educating public about dosing, how to measure a safe dose, noting that 120,000 young people have died in USA from fatal fentanyl overdose. 

Day 6 of 1 shot espresso in water diluted, still going strong, much more sensitive now, maintaining for 8 more days, may continue to do one 12 gram shot per day for a long time for other reasons!