Axial magnetic flux torque instantly accelerating people & things with a nearly silent rush of forward acceleration inducing joyous experiences of kinetic ecstasy.
Instant acceleration torque, shove you into your seat face bending G forces in electric cars taking off at full throttle input launch 0-60 MPH or 0-100KPH how many seconds does it take to get there.
Yes, Na-Ion 5000x more abundant than limited lithium batteries, will enable the creation of billions of electric vehicles, but not overnight. Honda broke a world record with the best selling vehicle in history with the Super Cub with more than 100 million units.
Toyota Corolla over all generations sold more than 30 million units. Prius reached more than 20 million units. But these tens of millions of vehicles sale, or even hundred of millions, that's not nearly enough to give every one of 9.8 billion people a vehicle.
You might ask, why did I mental 10 billion as a human population ? That's what is projected to be the peak human population by 2050 by people who study demography & sociology & epidemiology & population & history & human activity as soft sciences with analytical data collected from statistical index in order to perform long term backwards trend analysis to inform future projection modeling with vary degrees of certainty.
Like trying to estimate the climate temperature increase going forward using climate chemistry & Earth energy capture & climate energy storage science. This is why CO2 emissions are so politically popular in discourse about the urgent need to stop air pollution, stop acid rain formation, stop global warming, stop water acidification, stop corrosion, stop climate change, to improve public & environmental health.
Even executives at Oil companies are talking about the urgent need to decarbonize transportation energy. Go read some greencarcongress.com information for a few years to see what I am talking about!
Automobiles are the fusion or art and science, moving people and stuff across the world at the giga scale using petawatts of chemical & electrical energy.
Fossil fuels or grid power to recharge EV batteries, we use torque from engines or motors to move people & things places. Lets go places to make it happen / this is why the human body has muscles, bones, joints & brain to control movement or locomotion while walking, jogging, hiking, running, swimming, bicycle riding, skiing, snowboard or doing any of the other athletic moving or activities that people do to work to wire up building or do plumbing or dentistry or anything from hair dressing to shoe making.
It takes a lot of human activity to make food & water & sewer & electricity & natural gas & gasoline & diesel for everyone, even in the USA where there is only about 430 million people, even though only 93 million filed income taxes for 2022. So why will Donald Trump not publicly disclose his tax filings if he is an honest decent person? Perhaps that 18k Gold toilet fouled his thinking! He can't take it with him when he dies & faces God in the final judgement of his soul & he knows it. I saw him holding up the Bible at that famous press conference.
Many companies make vehicles of all different kinds, from the RAZOR kick scooters or electric skateboards or e-bicycles to space rockets & everything in-between.
There are vehicles of nearly every energetic scale from 1hp to many tens of thousands of HP, available worldwide new or used at a price point from nearly free to as many millions as you can spend on an exceptional Pagani Supercar or Koenigsegg made with aerospace level exceptional technology, materials & attention to detail that rivals the most autistic savant in history.
QA:QC chasing down flaws & glitch at Toyota for the Lexus LS400 V8 that with basic maintenance the engine & transmission in such can last 50,000 hours / which is exceptional in a world where many similar systems in other automobiles requires a costly rebuild after full depreciation of the vehicle after only 12,000 or less. At $5/gal it might cost a fortune to fuel an LS400 that you can pick up in minty condition used at a reasonable price. In a similar vain, any Toyota vehicle with the 2JZ inline 6 engine a collectors item & worth way more than the new price when it sold originally brand new, highly sought after by vehicle collectors, like an E46 M3 cream puff minty clean dream machine.
No matter how you look at it, vehicles are not clean. To make the window glass, metal for the body, wheels, axels, bearings, motors, transmissions, wiring harnesses, ECU chips, the tire rubber & plastics for the dash & possibly leather & wood on the interior of luxury vehicles, cars are resource intensive.
Then again, I don't actually care about that because I never had children & did not cause human population to go to 9 billion, given that most of the pollution problems are because of the huge scale of human industrial activity to make billions of 2 ton metal cars for people in OECD countries flush with enough funds to hush the rush that comes from flexing their wallet, so follow that money, its how people spend it that tells you what they are really into.
Morals for sale, ethics for sale, everyone sells their soul to their employer to trade time for money, thus everyone in their own special way prostitutes their finite time alive. This is why I believe that prostitution should be taxed, controlled, and regulated as a legal activity just like alcohol & tobacco sales or cannabis sales where such is legally permitted to adults 21 years old or older with ID provided for age verification.
Today we see a growing worldwide public interest increasing in battery electric vehicles while lithium ion batteries are not sustainable to scale production of EV's because lithium & cobalt are too rare & expensive to make billions of lithium ion electric vehicles. Sodium Ion or Na-Ion batteries are poised to enable billions of battery electric vehicles at all price points, from eBikes to solar electric passenger aircraft.
The RAXIAL motor from Koenigsegg Automotive AB in Sweden by genius hero Christian von Koenigsegg for example enables ultra high performance battery electric vehicles with a low mass compact size electric motor sorta like a brushless PC cooling fan motor scaled up 10,000X.
Even induction version of the AXIAL motor without magnets have superlative performance per unit mass or excellent magnetic flux density, a measure of how much torque the EV motor can generate inside the motor volume. Better magnetic flux density means the coils can push harder on the output shaft to impart toque energy to propel the EV forward faster with less motor mass in a smaller form factor.
Nissan LEAF affordable mass market electric family car since 2011 with more than 500,000 on the worlds roads today moving people in cities as the short range of the 24-62kWh limited air-cooled lithium ion battery depending on year & model trim can only provide 50-215 miles per charge.
Our 19 Nissan LEAF SV averages 3.8-5.1 mi/kWh which affects range depending on driving style, since it has about 38.5 kWh of remaining battery capacity now after ~480 cycles & 4 years of use (not bad degradation) in ECO fully charged still displays 151mi range :)
Tesla Model 3 best selling battery electric vehicle worldwide. Sandy Monroe & Associates say that the Model 3 so well made (over-built) that the main parts of the vehicle minus the battery can last 3 million miles of daily driving use as a light duty passenger battery electric vehicle while the battery can last in excess of 300,000 miles or 18 years depending on factors like the temperature regime the vehicle operated in related to climate & weather which can vary significantly by local worldwide.
Tesla moving to no lithium no cobalt battery technology based on Na-Ion or Sodium Ion batteries, which are also being rapidly developed by CATL in China for broad mass market mass production commercialization & diffusion by 2025.
Cobalt & Lithium are around 1000x less abundant than Nickel, Aluminum, Sodium, Manganese, Silicon, and Copper which are part of the emerging post-Lithium EV battery designs with slightly lower energy density than NMC, in a way like LFP, but with Na or Sodium replacing Li or Lithium as the carrier ion exchanged between the anode & cathode during charge & discharge cycles respectively.
Moving you & me from here to infinity with decarbonization of transportation that reduces air pollution in order to address climate change caused by carbon combustion.
Its not just propane, butane, gasoline, diesel, ethanol, coal, wood, biomass, biofuels, candles, paper, trash combustion, its the burning of things by 9 billion people alive at the same time. Air pollution primarily exists on a global scale because of the extent of carbon combustion that the 1% of exhaust consisting of toxic air pollutants such a problem. HC or hydrocarbon fumes or unburned fuel vapor emissions, even fuel vapor released while you're refueling your car, though many modern gas pumps have a vapor recovery hose nozzle system to cut down on that problem.
Many modern gasoline fueled cars have vapor recovery canisters in the gasoline tank system with the tank & fuel pump, near the filler input, so don't top off unless you want to saturated the activated carbon filter with liquid gasoline, it was designed to trap gasoline vapors as the temperature of the gasoline tank changes in response to changing temperatures in and around the vehicle, which vary according to weather, season, operating conditions and many other factors.
To understand the issue, let's consider that when carbon combusted the major exhaust products created are water vapor or H20 gas & CO2 or carbon dioxide gas, while about 1% of the emissions are acid rain forming brain toxic air pollutant that are making climate change worse faster by tipping more global climate tipping points such that sea ice melting faster, forest fires last longer & burn hotter & acid rain from NOX & SOX interacting with rain makes lakes, streams, rivers & oceans more acidic.
We have an urgent moral & ethical imperative to stop burning coal when we know how to make just as much heat & energy with fast neutron nuclear waste burning reactors. Literally the existing spent fuel rods from the 400+ nuclear reactors worldwide can be converted by reprocessing into new fuel for IFR reactors while fuel breeding the fertile & fissile elements can make enough nuclear fuel for 10 billion people for 3000 years. This could have been done in the 1960's, but the carbon fuel industry corrupt with greed & inhibited nuclear energy development with bribery & collusion.
When we have electric Na-Ion battery vehicle energy storage technology without cobalt or lithium, induction motors without rare-earth metals and no magnets, this enables the creation of lower cost battery electric vehicles like the upcoming Tesla Model 2 for under $20,000 new with 250 mi of range per charge.
Innovation applied translates science into real world technologies, thus enabling science fiction to become reality so as to improve the lives of people while reducing pollution. Often this done for competitive reasons as businesses compete with each other for market share with different products & services, the way Apple & TSMC & ASML & Foxconn work together to make the latest iPhone possible at the 100 million + unit scale for around $1000 USD new //
Apple has even made repairing iPhone easier & cheaper with pull tab battery removal & even instructions on how to replace the battery. Thanks to iFixit for their Device Repair Law efforts that peer pressured Apple into making iPhone easier to repair :) Making the smartphone easier to repair also eco-friendly as it reduces e-waste creation rates.
eBikes are the most energy efficient way to move people & things about the Earth in a sustainable way at the 10 billion person alive at the same time scale! Automobiles that weight thousands of pounds are too resource intensive as a transportation technology for everyone worldwide to enjoy simultaneously
Toyota Hybrid Synergy Drive in more than 40 millions vehicles operating worldwide today as Toyota the epic Japanese automaker bet big $9 billion in 1994 on hybrid electric vehicle technology, noting importantly at the time that Sony's Lithium Cobalt Li-Ion batteries with graphite hard carbon anodes & funny smelling sweet fruity aroma flammable liquid electrolytes containing lithium salts, was costing over $3000 per kWh, making an EV battery with 100kWh of capacity cost $300,000 so not exactly practical for a mass market passenger car!
Working with Panasonic on greatly improved NiMH batteries for Prius energy storage traction battery development, the resulting NiMH packs have excellent cold weather performance down to -40 & can last 55,000 cycle or 20+ years of daily use when kept between 30 & 80 percent charged with an average stage of charge of 60% respectively, leaving buffer for charge & discharge, brake energy recovery & motor assist for accelerating. The HSD a strong hybrid system while Honda's competing IMA a weak hybrid motor assist tech similar to a large crank mounted IPM motor alternator generator like that fitted to the engine of our 2013 Honda PCX150 scooter :)
Plug-in Hybrid enabling longer useful range than limiting lithium-ion electric vehicles today. By combining highly efficient gasoline engines at a narrow range of RPM where fuel consumption & emissions are lowest enables the engine to act as an energy efficient range generator. Mazda even using the rotary engine as a range extender in an otherwise battery electric vehicle.
One of the main advantage of gasoline is 12,000WH/KG or 24X more energy dense than the common NMC batteries that Tesla used in Model S, 3, X,Y, so as a range extender operating at peak thermal efficiency about 44% of the fuel's energy can be converted into electrical energy to charge the battery or drive the range extended electric vehicles drive motors directly.
Even when you take into account the loses of generating electricity onboard using a piston engine generator & the added mass & complexity, the reality is that the REEV range extended electric vehicle can have 60% less heavy battery pack & still have 40% less mass overall than a BEV with similar range. Plus with the range extender of enough output, REEV's can be taken on long road trips without range anxiety or slow recharging sessions that limit BEV's.
Range Extended Electric Aircraft
Compressed or cryogenic liquid hydrogen LH2 can be used to make electricity in fuel-cells on range extended electric air-craft that also feature upper sky facing solar PV surfaces to solar charge the propulsion batteries or energize the electric turbo-fan motors or props directly or in combination with current from the fuel cells & variable frequency motor controllers. Small battery electric para-motor aircraft backpack blower motor fan setups that ride under a soft wind inflated wing that go 20-50 mph for an hour or so, like a sky scooter.
Short range backpack electric helicopter short hop setups that wear like a hiking backpack with an Inspector Gadget electric variable pitch blade system that can lift a 300lbs of person & gear up to hop around inside city limits as an experimental ultra-low mass aircraft that does not even require any sort of pilots license to operate. I am talking about battery electric drones enhanced with fuel cells using hydrogen cartridges that extend the battery flight endurance from 30 min to 4+ hours, as the fuel cells & hydrogen dramatically increase the onboard energy content vs batteries alone.
Aptera Aero Efficient Superlative driving Cd down to 0.13 while most cars are 0.31 or more, nearly 3X less energy slipping through the air efficiently more like an aircraft, while the overwhelming majority of cars, SUV & Truck or light duty vehicles are a rounded box of sorts that experiences a lot of aerodynamic drag penalty at speeds higher than 40 MPH & really profound drag above 50 MPH, such that it takes 4X more energy to go 80MPH than it does to go 60MPG, using the F^4 aerodynamic drag formula.
Computational Fluid Dynamics Optimization of Blended Wing Aircraft with 2X better fuel economy that NASA already shared with Boeing & Airbus, there is literally only nostalgia & cultural reasons that aircraft makers of passenger airplanes used by airlines are still making wing on tube aircraft when there are almost endless benefits in every performance respect to the blended wing designs that are better in every possible way.
Solar Battery Electric Passenger Airplanes used by Airlines Worldwide for short routes at first, hydrogen enabling mush longer flight endurance in hydrogen fuel cell electric aircraft. I touched on this above, but it is worth restating that battery electric aircraft can be hybridized.
Consider the turbine jet engine that burns Jet A enhanced with a cold intake side electric motor that is energized by solar PV on the top surfaces of the airplane & batteries inside & fuel cells converting hydrogen & oxygen into water vapor released, such that the electric motor can enable the jet engine to operate with less or no fuel, to act as a regeneration generator when defending for a landing. I am talking about hybrid electric jet aircraft that can be nearly silent when landing, can turn off fuel burn when cruising & in many ways are the ideological derivative of a Toyota Prius mixed with a Passenger Aircraft Jet.
New toroidal boat props, drone blades, fan blades, pump impellers with 30% better performance, and new emerging prop, fan & impeller designs that hobbyists on YouTube are making with 3D printers & similar novel emerged blade designs that use less energy so the brushless drone motors can give better flight endurance with the same battery pack.
Recycling of all materials in every system for 100% closed loop industrialization that's eco-friendly with minimal harm on nature & the lowest emissions possible. Cleaning up all aspects of commercial & industrial activity, from mining to manufacturing, especially remediating all liquid and gas wastes the way the catalytic converter does in the exhaust emissions system of a typical passenger car.
Clean safe biodynamic pest management that manipulates the pests reproductive cycles, sterilization. Instead of spraying dozens of questionable toxic pesticides on crop pest species, using creative ecology inspired life science solutions to use systemic low does pesticides that sterilize the reproductive system of the targeted pest species, after bioscience used to study the pest species to figure out how to exploit hormonal disruption to accomplish this low dose effective kill off of pest species without lots of expensive toxic synthetic pesticides sprayed. This means the farm using systemic low dose people & bee safe solutions are safer for the farm workers, the beneficial insects, the soil microbes & other parts of the food web that are not the pest species.
Soil preserving & soil enhancing agricultural practices with compost creation, mushroom cellulosic crop waste composting, cellulosic ethanol, green methanol, bio-gasoline, bio-fuels, we can make life better & safer fuels using the same technologies used to improve soils for agriculture, gardening & farming.
Bee's safe pesticides, herbicides, fungicides, insecticides that do not harm bee's or weaken their immune system that are also safe for people, smarter based on plant alkaloids & flower pedal compounds, think eco-friendly natural pest management blending genetic engineering to make sterilization of the pest with systemic drug delivery to the target pest species or even using biological competition species to snuff out the pest species.
Cheaper Solar PV energizing Mini-Split Heat Pump HVAC with SEER of 38+ COP of 7.1 or higher. The most energy efficient way to cool or warm an indoor space at work or home, using highly efficient mini-split heat pumps. They are similar to a conventional AC unit, but feature a computer controlled reversing valve & better more efficient motors & larger more effective heat exchangers, so they can pull heat out of cold winter air to act as a super efficient heater in cold weather, or pump heat out of your space to act in a cooling capacity to make inside less hot during summer hot weather, and or to remove moisture from indoor air that can be saturated from line drying clothes indoor after washing, or cooking or showering or similar, especially in tiny & micro-homes like the one that Meg & I are moving too soon, only 200 square feet of space, but our cheapest housing option at $1200/mo nearby. We also like that we are paying a nice woman directly who really needs the money, no some real estate investment group that owns apartments for profits that are excessive, always raising prices like Anthology where we currently live until the end of the lease.
New Nuclear Fuel Recycling & Compact Modular Reactors of Lower Cost Paid For by Utility Companies
Small modular reactors are affordable enough for private utility companies to buy without government support. This means that many commercial businesses will be able to buy SMR to provide heat & electricity to their operations.
I am particularly interested in the FN fast neutron SMR's that can be used to make hot processing gas, green hydrogen, hot water, hot air and electricity, for poly co-generation excellence inside a reactor that fits in a standard 20ft shipping container, the way some MMR or micro-modular reactors sold to the Pentagon work on some military bases currently.
Cheaper Abundant Green Electricity via Energy Storage of Wind & Solar Power. Energy storage enables renewables to provide firm power output 24/7 so they match the performance of natural gas, coal, hydro & other GW scale reactors or power plants. In a home, a rooftop solar PV system can be paired with a multi-kWh whole home battery pack to enable off grid power production year round. The battery has to be big enough in terms of capacity to energize the home during long dark cold winter storms that last 10 days, so we are talking about 200kWh for a home that uses 20kWh per day. There are lots of ways to reduce electrical power use at home.
Electric power tools grid connected with electrical cords & battery electric power tools. Corded power tools are nice because you never have to fuss with battery charging or expensive battery pack replacements or recycling the old battery packs that are dead of faded badly with very short or very little remaining runtime per charge, EOL or end of life.
Corded on 120vac or 240vac can give power tools up to 2.3HP or 1.8KW of performance, much better than most battery electric tools, but the battery power stuff with 60V or 80V can actually have better than corded performance, but also cost a lot more. I was able to use a tiny low mass electric lawn mower on our small law with a 100 ft electrical extension cord to mow for 4 years at that house back then, and it was cheap & small & light.
Never had to fuss with a battery or running out of charge, but did have to mow in a S pattern to always keep the cord behind me so the mower blade never interacted with the cord. I got the idea of how to avoid blade cord interactions after watching several different 3D filament printers work line by line, layer by layer. I even ended up buying a Prusa Mini that I still use occasionally with PET-G or PLA spools.
We do not need engines burning fossil fuels to make it happen anymore, or at least we can use laws to slowly phase out inefficient & dirty engine technologies. Replace 2 stroke with 4 stroke in chain-saws and other small low displacement lawn & garden engine equipment.
I have a 31cc weed whacker with a 4 stroke motor. The downside is that it makes slightly less power & weighs slightly more than the older 2 stroke engine version of the same tool. But its 25x cleaner burning & runs on regular gasoline without blending 2 stoke oil & does not make soot or smoke like the 2 stroke version. I use 10w-40 fully synthetic oil in this tiny motor & change the oil often to keep the engine sparkly clean inside :)
We know how to do everything with electric motors, even electric motors without magnets known as induction motors, like a car alternator motor generator. The downside of induction motors is that they are slightly heavier & slightly more complex & slightly less efficient than IPM or internal permanent magnet motors. But induction motors are less costly & more sustainable because they do not require rare earth metals or magnetic controlled by China. Tesla uses induction & IPM motors in their electric vehicles.
We know many ways to store energy as compassed gas, in pumped liquids, in flywheels, in batteries, in capacitors, in superconducting loops like those employed in many MRI machines but much larger for GW scale energy storage with minimal loss. The Liquid Metal battery from AMBRI for example.
N+1 electrical grid upgrades to improve robustness & integrity or reliability of electric power utility systems, with more buried power cables & fewer overhead power lines strung under tree branches
I am talking about pseudo waterless Green Houses with integral closed loop water recycling, vapor condensation reclamation of evaporated water, drip irrigation, aquaponic, computer control root nutrient optimization with mushroom filament root synergy and or wood chip mushroom soil + compost that captures rain water & reduces evaporation & improves plant health by radically improving root health & soil health & soil creation.
Reducing air pollution, water pollution, land pollution & inconsiderate externalities of war, mining, waste, emissions & other toxic outputs of industrial processes in Earth's biosphere
We urgently need to clean up human activity worldwide to reduce harm on nature to address climate change & global warming
We urgently need more clean green renewable energy & energy storage. There is enough sunlight hitting the Earth to power all human activity even if we only convert 10% of it into electrical current. The problem with solar PV & solar thermal power that the Sun's thermal energy not available for more than 3-8 hours per day with enough intensity to energize such systems, though energy storage, electrical or thermal respectively, can help such system to make 24/7 output.
Energy storage pairs well with wind & solar & billions of battery electric vehicles charged at different times of the day can act as grid ballast or grid energy storage components. This becomes more functional with bidirectional charging EV' & smart chargers that work with smart grid interconnections that can download or upload electricity to & from the grid to act like a power buffer or power conditioner. Some battery electric cars already have 2-way charging port that can act as a power generator so the vehicle battery can power your microwave or electric kettle during grid power outages, while camping or similar.
We need ultra low water consumption upgrades of agricultural irrigation systems in water stressed areas. Fresh water stress going to be a major problem with fresh water shortages, droughts, forest fires, climate change, global warming, increased atmospheric CO2 levels, more acid rain, more air & water pollution, its not a cheap or easy problem to solve either.
Nature which normally acts as a water quality buffer not doing as well since human overdevelopment destroying & degrading large parts of nature to enable human peoples by the billion to industrialize environments in ways that cause ecosystem problems, loss of ecosystem, loss of habitat & problems for animals & natural buffering systems that normally clean up water for human consumption, like forests cut down for suburban housing developments which are often named after the natural feature that was destroyed for the subdivision development & home building of single family homes in the sprawling suburbs outside of most large American cities. I am sure this problem exist elsewhere in the world but speak as the child of a real estate developer who did exactly what I just described.
We owe it to our children, our grand children, to ourselves & all other people now & in the future to improve everything, make everything in life better for everyones benefit. I am talking about considerate thoughtful eco-friendly changes to all human institutions, the ending of all crimes, the perfection of human health, solving all diseases, ending all government corruption with absolute transparency. We can literally fully optimize all aspects of society to retire all people so that only those who want more than enough can choose to work for additional income.
Think something like Norway today for all human people worldwide, everyone upper middle class in terms of life quality, low crime, opportunities, education, quality healthcare universal, free education, free medications, free food, free energy, liberalized access to all resources with a culture of conservation so that everyone is low stress healthy & happy, so that no one goes without life basics, so there is no poverty or eco-system destruction.
War insane because it hurts & kills people while wasting capital & increasing national debt while also causing radical toxic emissions that harm nature faster for no intelligent reason when diplomacy could have resolved all conflicts peacefully. War causes national debt to increase, a tax on future generations, causing currency inflation to increase which steals away your buying power. War harms nature, ecosystems, animals, people, infrastructure, causes radical pollution emissions & worse. War a waste of time, energy, money, people, animals, nature & ruinous to life in the biosphere of Earth & thus also insane or illogical or without merit when diplomacy could be solving all problems between peoples.
Fossil fuel & carbon combustion emissions are chemical warfare, a hidden assault on public health, causing acid rain that damages watery ecosystems while causing corrosion of infrastructure to increase with further economy penalties
Long lasting products are eco-friendly because they reduce waste creation and enable upcycling of the parts into new products & services
When we make goods with moral integrity & ethics motivating modest profits with amazing products that please users with higher reliability & longer useful life so radically lower long term operating costs that end up making the better goods cheaper overall, just the way many Gen 2 nuclear reactors have a 9000% long term ROI on a one-through uranium fuel cycle that creates long lived energetic fuel rod waste that can be endlessly converted into new fuels in the Fast Neutron cycle in 4th Gen emerging nuclear reactors like the Integral Fast Reactor or IFR that Chuck Hull developed just before the reactor meltdown in Chernobyl killed public support for new nuclear, effectively ending funding for IFR development even though we have huge stockpiles of spent reactor fuel rods building up that could provide all energy demands of the USA for 300+ years and with fuel breeding could provide electrical & thermal energy for people worldwide at the 15 billion person scale for 3000+ years.
Solar Electric Automobiles, with PV modules over all sky facing surfaces, solar PV glass, solar electric PV on the sides, aero-optimized smooth channeling turbulence reducing underbody covers, wheel covers, LRR tires, and every computational fluid dynamics optimization of the shape like the Aptera shape to radically reduce drag so that less battery, less more, less engine, less fuel, less energy can move more people more places faster with lower emissions.
Solar Electric Aircraft like NASA Helios, were the entire sky facing surface a bunch of tightly connected CIGS PV thin film modules with 44% photoelectric efficiency converting sunlight into DC current to energize the propulsion motors, fuel cells & hydrogen or ammonia onboard to energize the motors when the sun not shining. There are spy balloons with much better than satellite imaging resolution that fly closer to the ground that are solar electric where the entire mylar ballon surface covered in flexible CIGS PV that channels DC current to the imaging electronics & imaging systems. These have spectral resolution able to read the text off a cigaret on the ground when conditions are clear.
Hydrogen Fuel Cells without Platinum, there are several national science foundation efforts in Japan, Germany, the USA, Australia, Brazil & China to develop platinum-free fuel cells that do not contain platinum. They are based on oxides of copper doped with other metals like some high temperature superconductors with conductance & band gap optimization. We can take lessons from EUV & High NA chip manufacturing & apply it to make even more efficient solar PV technology that's cheaper for more people to apply in affordable rooftop solar systems on their RV's and homes, on the top of commercial buildings, in large desolate field arrays at the GW scale. We can energize using a mix of nuclear fuel breeding & IFR reactors + renewables & energy storage & N+1 grids. We can fuse different technology & further hybridizes & synergies to improve & optimized all energy systems.
New Sodium Ion Batteries 1000x cheaper & more abundant than Lithium Ion Batteries. Radically more EV batteries using Earth abundant minerals that are cheaper & much more widely available worldwide. No more conflict cobalt or limited expensive lithium or rare earths controlled by china, I am talking about cheap sodium ions used to move current around between the anode & cathode of next generation battery electric vehicles batteries.
Axial Flux Electrical Motors with SiC power controller electronics 10x more performance per unit mass. Toyota partnering with Panasonic & NGK to make ceramic solid state batteries & axial flux motors with unmatched energy efficiency in next generation electric vehicles with solid state batteries & compact high performance electric motors. This will enable dope electric power sports vehicles from Yamaha & very high performance electric cars like the GR Corolla or GR Yaris, in battery electric flavors.
IPM motors made with rare-earth free magnets using high temperatures superconductor alloys electroplated in magnetic flux enhancing thermal conductivity improving polymers
I am talking about controlling the electronic properties of ordinary matter to gain God like mastery over chemistry & physics to enable earth mineral abundant magnetic materials to create better that NdFeB performance using Copper, Nickel, Silicon, Tin, Aluminum, Manganese, and ion valence shell manipulation to change the electron exchange properties to optimize every chemical engineering process, all energy system, all energy storage, all electric motors, all electronics, all materials processing, all aspects of all systems used to make or move anything.
Its the valence shell electron orbitals that we need an ASML like focus on innovating the control of, so we can manipulate the outermost electrons efficiently, effectively in all materials, even radically improving human food nutrition & ecosystem performance.
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