Dynamic random-access memory (dynamic RAM or DRAM) is a type of random-access semiconductor memory that stores each bit of data in a memory cell, usually consisting of a tiny capacitor and a transistor, both typically based on metal–oxide–semiconductor (MOS) technology.
The electric charge on the capacitors gradually leaks away; without intervention the data on the capacitor would soon be lost.
To prevent this, DRAM requires an external memory refresh circuit which periodically rewrites the data in the capacitors, restoring them to their original charge.
The refresh process also the defining characteristic of dynamic random-access memory.
In contrast to static random-access memory (SRAM) which does not require data to be refreshed.
Unlike flash memory, DRAM is volatile memory (vs. non-volatile memory), since it loses its data quickly when power is removed. However, DRAM does exhibit limited data remanence, so the DRAM controller usually has a CR2032 high drain lithium manganese coin cell or BR2032 low drain coin cell of 3V or a 1/2AA lithium thionyl chloride battery backup cell, along with an ASIC logic controller to continually refresh the memory.
EPROM chips that store the firmware for a motherboard are stored on chips with a power backup battery as well. Flashing the mainboard firmware rewrites this EPROM chip with upgraded firmware, but if something goes wrong during that process you will have to contact the motherboard manufacturer to order a new EPROM chip, ask me how I know. I have been building PCs from parts as a hobby for 26 years. I built my first desktop PC from parts when I was 14 years old, back in 1997. My father Ken took me to a computer shop in Kent, Wa, to get the case, power supply, mainboard, memory, graphics card, modem, CD-ROM drive, keyboard, mouse & computer screen.
I installed Windows 95 and got online over dial-up AOL connection to read about physics and high voltage hobbies on webrings, then built my first Tesla coil from instructions online using parts from various sources. A carbon dioxide laser was next and almost burned down my parents' house with that one. My dad has starting doing Saturday afternoon chemical experiments with me using a Chemistry Set when I was 5 years old and learning to read college level literature. I was a child prodigy with information and read the entire printed copy of the encyclopedia my parents had in the basement on a book shelf from the time I was 4 years old until I was 9, for about 3 hours every day. I thought school was really boring and failed to keep my attention, so I kept my brain busy reading and doing science project as Captain Science Fair a nickname that a friend named Joe gave me.
Did I mention that I have even taken my wife to different Computer History museums. To say I am obsessed with information technology really an understatement because I was blessed with a spiritual gift by God of knowledge and understanding so profoundly different than other people that I often feel sounded by small children, though I am far away from having the answers to all problems and by no mean also do not know everything.
English was the worst or hardest subject in School, and I later discovered why because of all the logical inconsistencies and confusion contradictions and strange silent letters and weird grammar rules that make it nearly impossible to write software with natural human language as an input to the SDE or software development environment. I spent time with Wolfram Alpha in college and shell script to try writing basic software with voice input, but it was always a jumbled mess of math confusion that even the code writing assistant software was unable to resolve.
People that knew me when I was a child told me they would be glad to read me in the future. Funny given that I have been posting a blog for years and some of them may have actually read some of my postings :) Back to DRAM
Die photograph of Micron Technology MT4C1024 DRAM integrated circuit (1994).
Capacity of 1 megabit equivalent to 2^{20} bits or 128 KiB.
DRAM typically takes the form of an integrated circuit chip, which can consist of dozens to billions of DRAM memory cells. DRAM chips are widely used in digital electronics where low-cost and high-capacity computer memory is required. One of the largest applications for DRAM is the main memory (colloquially called the "RAM") in modern computers and graphics cards (where the "main memory" is called the graphics memory). It is also used in many portable devices and video game consoles. In contrast, SRAM, which is faster and more expensive than DRAM, is typically used where speed is of greater concern than cost and size, such as the cache memories in processors.
Firstly visit
Did I mention that I have even taken my wife to different Computer History museums. To say I am obsessed with information technology really an understatement because I was blessed with a spiritual gift by God of knowledge and understanding so profoundly different than other people that I often feel sounded by small children, though I am far away from having the answers to all problems and by no mean also do not know everything.
English was the worst or hardest subject in School, and I later discovered why because of all the logical inconsistencies and confusion contradictions and strange silent letters and weird grammar rules that make it nearly impossible to write software with natural human language as an input to the SDE or software development environment. I spent time with Wolfram Alpha in college and shell script to try writing basic software with voice input, but it was always a jumbled mess of math confusion that even the code writing assistant software was unable to resolve.
People that knew me when I was a child told me they would be glad to read me in the future. Funny given that I have been posting a blog for years and some of them may have actually read some of my postings :) Back to DRAM
Die photograph of Micron Technology MT4C1024 DRAM integrated circuit (1994).
Capacity of 1 megabit equivalent to 2^{20} bits or 128 KiB.
DRAM typically takes the form of an integrated circuit chip, which can consist of dozens to billions of DRAM memory cells. DRAM chips are widely used in digital electronics where low-cost and high-capacity computer memory is required. One of the largest applications for DRAM is the main memory (colloquially called the "RAM") in modern computers and graphics cards (where the "main memory" is called the graphics memory). It is also used in many portable devices and video game consoles. In contrast, SRAM, which is faster and more expensive than DRAM, is typically used where speed is of greater concern than cost and size, such as the cache memories in processors.
Firstly visit
Dynamic random-access memory - Wikipedia
Also watch https://youtu.be/uPualBNf1nM?si=iHycrjTwsFwTIwlr
No comments:
Post a Comment