Stellantis & GM to pay $363 million U.S. fuel economy penalties for lowest & second-lowest automakers CAFE corporate average fuel economy scores / see gas guzzling vehicles for examples!
Stellantis had lowest real-world fuel economy among all major automakers, at 21.3 miles per gallon on average in 2021, while GM at 21.6 mpg.
March 2022, NHTSA reinstated sharp increase in penalties for automakers whose vehicles do not meet fuel efficiency requirements for 2019 & beyond. For 2019 to 2021 model years, fine $14, up from $5.50, for every 0.1 mile per gallon new vehicles fall short of required fuel-economy standards, multiplied by number of non-complying vehicles sold. For 2022 model year, figure rose to $15.
Automakers protested penalty hike 2016 citing industry cost increasing by $1 billion annually, including value of compliance credits from Tesla TSLA the Fully American battery electric vehicle maker :)
Automaker vehicles that achieve higher fuel economy than required create credits to be sold to automakers whose vehicles do not comply with CAFE rules. April 2022 the NHTSA boosted fuel economy standards by 8% for both 2024 & 2025 model years & 10% in 2026.
This means more gears in automatic transmissions to keep the engine at the most efficient RPM or rotational operating speeds more of the time while the vehicle driven under varying conditions.
This makes it even easily & more cost effective to develop battery electric vehicles with simple electric motors with virtually 1 gear direct drive setups using abundant cheaper material Na-Ion or sodium ion batteries & solid-state batteries.
Pagani developing an EV significant given the low energy density or high mass of EV batteries in a supercar, though Koenigsegg shows how RAXIAL motors can make up for battery mass penalties /
Rivian R2 due in 2026 and the R1T BEV truck already super dope, fresh, sic, awesome!
Solar PV installations to overtake oil production investment soon, meaning market capitalization favoriting renewable energy development over classical high ROI oil production subsidies & investments, meaning the price of crude oil will continue to climb making it favorable for petrochemicals & too costly for gasoline & diesel making, thus ensuring a long term supply of petrochemical feedstock crude oil black gold supplies as the transportation sector broadly decarbonized with solar battery electric vehicles of all kinds, where the fossil fuel engine relegated as a small range extender as a bridge to even better battery technology constantly emerging. Mazda even invoking the use of rotary engine generators in their range extended electric compact SUV range :)
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