Humans have been drinking alcoholic beverages for thousands of years. Important boiling during beer brewing processes & wine fermentation processes during pre-modern history when fresh water was not sanitary, and often contaminated with bacteria, wild yeast, mold, dirt or soil or animal poop from birds & other wild animals, beer & wine were safer to drink than wild fresh water in most cities & suburban & rural areas.
Hangover the toxic effect of drinking too much alcoholic beverage! You know what I am talking about; headache, feeling sore, sick, tire, out of it. Now, there is a water consumption method that a friend & mine came up with, but you will be up all night going #1 or pee if you agree.
It involves drinking 2x volume of water that you drank of beer or 1.5x volume units of wine you consumed, to help flush your kidneys of the metabolites formed during your beer or wine's metabolism. So, if you drink 4x 12 oz of beer, you have to drink 96 oz of water. Make sure you add some electrolytes to your water if your drink that much at night!
To start with ethanol the drug in alcoholic beverages traditionally formed when yeast used in brewing convert sugars & starches into more yeast, CO2 & ethanol, resulting in aqueous ethanol solutions that tend towards %4 to %9 by volume ethanol content in common beer styles & between %10 & %15 in common wine styles.
In the UK they use unit dose equivalents such that 5 fl. oz. of standard wine has 1-3 units & where a standard 12 oz beer has similar depending on ABV or alcohol by volume. Some wines & beer have much higher ABV than others for example.
Think of it this way; 1.5 fl. oz of hard alcohol has the same amount of ethanol at a %40 ABV as 6% ABV beer of 12 fl. oz or %7-9 fl. oz. of malt liquor which is stronger than beer but not as strong as most normal wine.
In metric, a standard single unit dose of ethanol represents 8 grams of ethanol, or about 10 ml that contains about 5.47 food calories per ml or about 6.93 food calories per gram. A 44 ml (1.5 US fl. oz.) 80 proof liquor 40% ABV would contain about 14 grams or 98 Calories (empty calories with no nutritional value) & be about 2 units eq, similar to a typical 12 oz beer or 5 oz glass of wine (in US fl. oz. metrics)
Adult men can consume up to 4 units of ethanol per day whereas adult women can consume up to 3 units of ethanol per day before serious health problems & social problems & intoxication become an issue. Thats about 2 dinks for men & just slightly less for women.
In the UK they use unit dose equivalents such that 5 fl. oz. of standard wine has 1-3 units & where a standard 12 oz beer has similar depending on ABV or alcohol by volume. Some wines & beer have much higher ABV than others for example.
Think of it this way; 1.5 fl. oz of hard alcohol has the same amount of ethanol at a %40 ABV as 6% ABV beer of 12 fl. oz or %7-9 fl. oz. of malt liquor which is stronger than beer but not as strong as most normal wine.
In metric, a standard single unit dose of ethanol represents 8 grams of ethanol, or about 10 ml that contains about 5.47 food calories per ml or about 6.93 food calories per gram. A 44 ml (1.5 US fl. oz.) 80 proof liquor 40% ABV would contain about 14 grams or 98 Calories (empty calories with no nutritional value) & be about 2 units eq, similar to a typical 12 oz beer or 5 oz glass of wine (in US fl. oz. metrics)
Adult men can consume up to 4 units of ethanol per day whereas adult women can consume up to 3 units of ethanol per day before serious health problems & social problems & intoxication become an issue. Thats about 2 dinks for men & just slightly less for women.
Probably wise not to drink alcohol every day, since even continual low doses daily servings can increase cancer risks & obesity risks & other health problems.
Given the vast nature of information about alcoholic beverages & ethanol, Wikipedia contains more than 5 different related articles on "drinking alcohol, ethanol, intoxicating beverage that causes more social harm to others than it does its consumer or user, unique amongst all other drugs of abuse"
Alcoholic beverages generate sales of more than $1 trillion USD 2021 annually worldwide & represent an enormous profit generating industry with millions of jobs across many domains of the economy. Alcohol so deeply rooted in human civilizations history that examples go back more than 10,000 years of people drinking spontaneously fermented water grain & fruit juice liquids in open earthen containers, early pots & similar fluid & grain storage ceramic vessels.
See Standard drink - Wikipedia
Also Alcohol by volume - Wikipedia
And Alcoholic drink - Wikipedia
Plus Alcohol - Wikipedia
Especially Ethanol - Wikipedia
Additionally Alcohols (medicine) - Wikipedia
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