Not a perfect Sphere, Earth is not flat!

The Earth viewed from Space : Image via Link

The moon proves that the earth is spherical, as does the international space station which you can see with a basic telescope. The movement of the sun and solar eclipses prove the earth is a sphere. Thousands of objects launched into space so far in history, plus we have even landed people on the moon! 

Here I will debunk the flat earth theories! 

Look at the Moon! 

00. The moon. One of the most photographed objects in existence, it has been explored extensively by satellites, people sitting with optical telescopes long before the digital age existed, going back to Galileo (1564-1642), people have used optical glass lens telescopes to look at the celestial objects above, way before America was even a country! 

The dark side of the moon has been repeatedly photographed by man made satellites orbiting the moon, the pictures are online. I have a collection of moon photos that show the entire surface of the moon, in addition to a Celestia digital software model, and Google Earth model of the moon. 

While we can only see 59% of the moons surface from earth, how could you explain a lunar eclipse without a spherical model of earth and the moon. In fact you can tell where the sun is located in relationship to the earth based on how the moon is being illuminated by the sun when the sun is not visible from the surface of earth, by using inferential photometrical visual analysis using your eyes and the idea of a sphere. I have engaged in intellectual modeling where I can feel the relationship of the moon and earth and sun as objects in space, in a process called intellectual breakthrough when I first envisioned the optical model of solar moon illumination geometry relationships. 


0. Get a Telescope or Borrow One! 

You have to use sharp vision with a good telescope to see the details on the moon, including the light hitting the boundaries of what is illuminated, namely a highly detailed topographically variable surface with lots of cratering features, mountains, ridges, and features that cast shadows, giving the surface 3D visible relief patterns that have been photographed and explored, but people, using an electric moon rover in the late 1960's, during the height of the space race  between America and Russia! 

To reject spherical earth theory is to reject all of this history! Aerospace history provides extensive evidence of the shape of the earth and its physical relation to the moon, namely the size of earth, the distance of earth to the moon, and the size of the moon. In order to fly in the stratosphere, you have to be able to understand a curved spherical surface. To understand weather science you have to understand the global earth models. 

Lunar aerospace and science history provides a huge body of evidence you have to reject to embrace a flat earth theory! Thinking about the moon and the history of science and technology it would be impossible to explain a flat earth theory using facts about anything! Almost all science, especially astrological science astronomy, proves with billions of telescope spending in almost all countries! 

All telescope scales prove that people all around the world are interested in seeing space, literally, with a scientific instrument and their bare eyes, the one and only optical telescope, battery free super HD viewing of celestial objects,  advanced digital models with CMOS and CCD capture, digital control gambling, celestial object tracking, and other advanced control features, you can buy amazing telescopes in the world, even space telescopes if you are a nation state like America, Hubble + James Web + and dozens more special imaging satellites and probes so far deployed, the evidence is amazing, vast and hard to deny. To deny sphere earth theory is to reject so much of modern history, not just global sales of telescopes and space telescopes. 


1a. Gravity You can Feel 

Gravity on earth in the flat earth model suggests that the earth is accelerating in a upward only direction at 9.8 meters per second. This suggestion does not align with any observations made by anyone one earth in any manner or any capacity using any kind of valid analytical method that is repeatable by anyone. 

To suggest that the earth is traveling linearly in one direction at 9.8 meters per second is to reject all science, all knowledge, say that everything we know is an illusion, a trick, a grand celestial scale conspiracy to trick all people who have ever existed. This is impossible! 

The flat earth gravity model is based on a confused opinion of people who do not understand physics or gravity. People who have not been to college and who also obviously never found science interesting in school. Science means the organized development of knowledge. There is a reason that people have circumnavigated the globe in airplanes and balloons, flat earth theory calls all of these people liars too! 

1b. Extensive Evidence in Many Intellectual Models 

Think of bullet drop, or wind energy and the climate, or the way that sun hits the earth differently throughout the day with solar energy changing with season, or even the way that moon light casts shadows in moon phases at different parts of the month that you can see on the surface of the moon as a light pattern on a globular surface. 

There are many other ways to easily think about why the earth must be spherical. You can even feel the idea of a spherical world when you ride in a air plane or fly an aircraft. Think about time zones orbiting the earth. You can really feel the spherical thinking if you get into RF design theory in HAM radio studies, bouncing signals into the ionosphere, around the world! 

Flight path designs take spherical earth modeling data into their design, the autopilot on planes and GPS satellites orbiting earth world together to digitally circumnavigated global scale flight routes that connect most of the countries on earth. Aircraft flattened the earth in a way, enabling anyone with the funds to travel almost anywhere within a day.

You can feel the plate-tectonics with earthquakes! How would plate-tectonics work in a flat earth model ? How do volcanos work in the flat earth model. What about the polar ice caps, people have explored them extensively now, documenting extensively the exploration, with videos available on youtube for example, posted by random members of the public, businesses in many countries, many government organizations, and all sort of people all around the world, posting online, constantly! 

There are no intellectual fact based models that support a flat earth theory, all the facts suggest that the earth is roughly spherical! Only crazy non-sense from wacko people can claim that the earth is flat and they lack any facts to support their bizarre flat earth non-sense! No intelligent facts support the flat earth theory! 


2. Lack of International Cohesion Throughout History 

People on earth cannot even agree on a common language yet! Wars throughout history are evidence that people have never agree as one on such a scale as would be required to explain the flat earth trick everyone concept. 

Society has existed in a fragmented state since society formed, where not all people always agree about everything. You could never get all people to participate in a grand lie at a global scale for all of human existence, let alone maintain this lie throughout history without having anyone come forward to expose the truth behind the scheme, lie, or conspiracy to trick everyone into believing that the earth is spherical. Of course the earth is spherical. The problem most people have is that people are so small compared to the earth that when we look out onto the horizon, the area around us looks roughly flat, but that is because we see like a tangential line to the earths surface, so that area around us is roughly flat at the scale that we see. We are the size of bacteria on a 40m diameter disk, very tiny people very close to earths surfaces. 

2a. Water Surface Level Reading Confusion : Line Tangent to Sphere ! 

The experiment where the measure the angle of the surface of water and level and then claim that the earth is flat, means they do not understand large earth scale geometry relative to the observers scale and instrument resolution. Of course the level returns a flat reading. Any tangential line to the sphere of earth is level. Go study basic geometry for a few hours about lines hitting spheres, and then wake up, of course the level return a level reading at the surface of water! That means the earth is spherical! Think about the bigger model of the system you are in, the earth system, the celestial orbit system, the milky way and beyond, wake up! 


3. The ISS (People in Space) 

People are living in space on the International Space Station right now! Flat earth theorists are calling all of these people liars. That makes zero sense. I am not sure how many people have been to and lived on the ISS, but people from many different countries like Russia and America have been there, and these countries do not always agree about everything! Ever heard of the cold war, or do you live under a rock? 


4. Direct TV + Sirius Satellite Radio 

People use satellite TV all the time, with dishes pointed at the sky, how would the communications satellites orbit a flat earth? Most of the people who suggest that the earth is flat are cunfused that they never even stopped to consider satellite TV function, nor do they understand how satellites work, or wireless communication, or anything technical. Only non-technical people embrace the flat earth theory. You cannot find a single scientist or reasonable person that agrees on flat earth theory. Even mentally handicapped children understand that earth is a sphere. For the last 300+ years everyone who paid any attention to celestial phenomenon can tell that the earth is round, and that we are orbiting the sun. Furthermore, anyone who has given any decent amount of thinking to satellite TV function also understands that communication satellites are orbiting earth, something impossible in the flat earth theory. 


5. Flat Earth Theory Dishonors God 

Even faith exists as an intellectual process. To suggest that God exists and that the earth is flat, is a contradiction! To suggest that God would make the earth flat is to blaspheme God. Anyone suggesting that the earth is flat also embraces satanic confusion ideology that insults the Lord our God! Did God make our cells roughly spherical while making the earth flat? This is an ideological contradiction. If you look at cells in a microscope, something flat earth theorists probably also have never done, you would see the roughly spherical shape of most cells. If you use the optical inverse of a microscope, a telescope, you would see that the rings on Saturn cannot be explained by a flat earth model, not can any other celestial observations. 


6. Debunked Author of Modern Flat Earth Theory 

One dumb jerk perpetuate all modern flat earth theory, the one an only Samuel Shenton. He went on to set up the Flat Earth Society in Dover, UK, just before the Soviet Union launched the first artificial Satellite, Sputnik. God ahead and fact check this shit! Use that same smartphone and laptop to look up the truth! 

By 1967 the space race had debunked most of Sheratons nonsense, and he died as a confused liar in 1971, fully discredited by all modern science. Sadly another jerk Charles K. Johnson (mechanic), following in Shenton's footsteps picked up the button of illiterate non-sense and began tricking more people with debunked flat earth theory in 1972, via a mail correspondence operation in California, with some irony near Edwards Air Ford base!  This same jerk was the one who started suggesting that the Apollo moon program was a hoax. One jerk with both theories that people are still talking about, with Zero evidence! That the earth is flat and that the Apollo moon program was a hoax. Two ideas with zero basis in reality! 

Charles K Johnson died in 2001, but one other jerk off named Daniel Shenton (no relation to the original) started publishing the idea that no one can prove the earth is a globe in 2004. Another plastic smoking uneducated moron perpetuating ideas that have no basis in reality, that cannot be validated by any observations or scientific evidence that is repeatable. Just one stupid person with a stupid opinion swaying others to follow in the folly of thinking that the earth is flat, when all of the evidence suggests otherwise, namely that the earth and almost all celestial objects are roughly spherical, especially the sun, the moon and the other planets, but most notably the Earth! 

There are crazy people with crazy ideas, and this is not new. Throughout history there have been crazy people with crazy ideas that have no basis in reality. For a long time people suggested the earth was flat because telescopes did not exist. Once telescopes allowed people to look at the moon, its curvature, the way the sun illuminates slices of it that can be viewed from the earth. Once people started using optical tools with  their brains it became obvious that the earth was spherical, orbiting the earth, the earth Orbiting our spherical local star, the Sun! You cannot convince mentally ill people of sane ideas, sometimes no matter how hard you try. There will probably always be stupid people suggesting irrational things about subjects for which they have no knowledge. 


7. Flat Earth Theory Makes me want to Puke! 

I find it disgusting that I have to publish this in order to debunk flat earth theory, but I am glad to defend the truth! Too many people have worked on astronomy for far to long for me to let this one slide. Flat earth theory needs to die, and people that spread it are hurting others with confusion! The flat earth theory is divisive in nature, it makes me angry, and people who speak of it piss me off! Suggesting that the earth in flat is insulting to my cognition, an insult to my understanding, and I take the theory as a personal attack against my own logic and reasoning! I went to the trouble of writing this because I cannot allow flat earth theory to exist without refuting it with evidence and correct observations based on history, science, facts and reality. Big news, the Earth is a spherical shape! 


8. Solar Eclipse 

The flat earth model cannot explain the solar eclipse or any other celestial observations. The problem mis that the flat earth theory is an opinion, not a fact. Sadly there is zero evidence that supports the flat earth model. Have you ever had the pleasure of watching a solar eclipse? Yes, it is remarkable that the moon almost completely blocks the sun for a moment, but if you think about the arrangement  of the earth, moon, and sun, and their relative sizes and distances from one another, then it makes perfect sense that the earth is a sphere, the moon is a sphere and the sun is a sphere. 

Flat earth theory suggest that the moon is 32ft in diameter and that the sun is 32 ft in diameter. Of course no measurements of any kind support these ideas about the sizes of the moon and sun according to flat earth theory. Even Hindu mythology suggests that the moon is at least 700ft in diameter. Measurement of the moon with lasers and mirrors and telescopes suggests something different entirely, namely that the moon is at least 380 miles in diameter! 


9. Deep History 

In the 2nd century BC, Seleucus of Seleucia correctly theorized that tides were due to the attraction of the Moon, and that their height depends on the Moon's position relative to the Sun. In the same century, Aristarchus computed the size and distance of the Moon from Earth, obtaining a value of about twenty times the radius of Earth for the distance. 

These figures were greatly improved by Ptolemy (90–168 AD): his values of a mean distance of 59 times Earth's radius and a diameter of 0.292 Earth diameters were close to the correct values of about 60 and 0.273 respectively. Archimedes (287–212 BC) designed a planetarium that could calculate the motions of the Moon and other objects in the Solar System.

During the Middle Ages, before the invention of the telescope, the Moon was increasingly recognised as a sphere, though many believed that it was "perfectly smooth".

In 1609, Galileo Galilei drew one of the first telescopic drawings of the Moon in his book Sidereus Nuncius and noted that it was not smooth but had mountains and craters. Telescopic mapping of the Moon followed: later in the 17th century, the efforts of Giovanni Battista Riccioli and Francesco Maria Grimaldi led to the system of naming of lunar features in use today. 

The more exact 1834–36 Mappa Selenographica of Wilhelm Beer and Johann Heinrich Mädler, and their associated 1837 book Der Mond, the first trigonometrically accurate study of lunar features, included the heights of more than a thousand mountains, and introduced the study of the Moon at accuracies possible in earthly geography. 

Lunar craters, first noted by Galileo, were thought to be volcanic until the 1870s proposal of Richard Proctor that they were formed by collisions. This view gained support in 1892 from the experimentation of geologist Grove Karl Gilbert, and from comparative studies from 1920 to the 1940s, leading to the development of lunar stratigraphy, which by the 1950s was becoming a new and growing branch of astrogeology.


10. Modern History

The United States launched unmanned probes to develop an understanding of the lunar surface for an eventual manned landing: the Jet Propulsion Laboratory's Ranger program produced the first close-up pictures; the Lunar Orbiter program produced maps of the entire Moon; the Surveyor program landed its first spacecraft four months after Luna 9. NASA's manned Apollo program was developed in parallel; after a series of unmanned and manned tests of the Apollo spacecraft in Earth orbit, and spurred on by a potential Soviet lunar flight, in 1968 Apollo 8 made the first crewed mission to lunar orbit. The subsequent landing of the first humans on the Moon in 1969 is seen by many as the culmination of the Space Race.

Neil Armstrong became the first person to walk on the Moon as the commander of the American mission Apollo 11 by first setting foot on the Moon at 02:56 UTC on 21 July 1969. An estimated 500 million people worldwide watched the transmission by the Apollo TV camera, the largest television audience for a live broadcast at that time.

The Apollo missions 11 to 17 (except Apollo 13, which aborted its planned lunar landing) returned 380.05 kilograms (837.87 lb) of lunar rock and soil in 2,196 separate samples. The American Moon landing and return was enabled by considerable technological advances in the early 1960s, in domains such as ablation chemistry, software engineering and atmospheric re-entry technology, and by highly competent management of the enormous technical undertaking.

Scientific instrument packages were installed on the lunar surface during all the Apollo landings. Long-lived instrument stations, including heat flow probes, seismometers, and magnetometers, were installed at the Apollo 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17 landing sites. 

Direct transmission of data to Earth concluded in late 1977 due to budgetary considerations, but as the stations' lunar laser ranging corner-cube retroreflector arrays are passive instruments, they are still being used today. 

Ranging to the stations is routinely performed from Earth-based stations with an accuracy of a few centimetres, and data from this experiment are being used to place constraints on the size of the lunar core.

11. Lunar X-Prize 

We are going back to the moon with Robots, leading the way, automaker Audi will send a robot to the landing sites of the Apollo program to document in HD our previous trips to the moon, simultaneously discrediting the moon hoax & flat earth theorists ate once!